230 
MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 
page 225, are worn in a singular manner. The first grinder 
of the lower jaw, on both sides, is worn down to about half- 
an-inch above the gum; the second, on a level with the 
gums, forming a hiatus into which the second grinder of the 
upper jaw fits, which is fully a quarter of an inch longer 
than the first grinder, and very uneven and unequal on the 
surface. About half-an-inch of the outer portion of the 
fourth grinder is parallel with the third, but the remainder 
is worn level with the jaw ; the fifth and sixth molars are 
almost entirely worn down, except a small portion of the 
inner part of the sixth. The third upper one is more than 
half worn down, and the fourth level with the socket; part 
of the fifth and sixth are worn obliquely down, the cavity 
formed by which is occupied by the lower opposite teeth, 
and the worn down fifth and sixth of the lower jaw are 
occupied by the upper ones. In short, it is curious how 
mastication could be performed. 
It seems probable that the natural age of the horse is 
from thirty-five to forty. It would be most erroneous to 
estimate his life according to the age at which he is worn 
out in a state of servitude. Few of these valuable animals 
live to anything like what they would do in a state of 
freedom, most of them being unserviceable or destroyed by 
excessive labour. Mr. Blaine informs us of one gentleman 
who had three horses, which attained a considerable age ; 
one at thirty-five, another at thirty-seven, and the third at 
thirty-nine. Mr. Cully mentions one which received a ball 
in his neck at the battle of Preston, in 1715, and which 
was extracted when he died in 1758, so that he must have 
been forty-seven or forty-eight years of age. Albertus 
mentions that in his time there was a charger, proving 
serviceable at the advanced age of sixty, and Augustus 
Nenhus says there was a horse in the stable of Ferdi- 
