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MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 
years of age is taken, and, by the aid of an engraving 
tool, a hole is dug in the surface of the corner teeth to 
imitate that in a horse of seven years of age. The whole 
is then burned with heated iron, until it leaves a permanent 
black stain. This is sometimes extended to the dividers, in 
a slight degree. But upon a narrow inspection this trick 
will be detected. The irregular appearance of the cavity, 
the diffusion of the black stain around the tushes, the 
sharpened edges and concave inner surface can never be 
successfully imitated so as to deceive the experienced. 
Besides, if the incisors of the upper jaw be examined, they 
will aid the most ignorant in detecting the imposition. 
CHAPTER IX. 
PRINCIPAL MUSCLES OF THE LIMBS, &C 
We do not consider it necessary for the general reader to be 
acquainted with the entire muscles of the horse, although a 
knowledge of such as are more immediately called into 
active operation will aid him in discovering the seat of 
sprains and bruises, and to administer for their relief, in the 
absence of a regular practitioner. 
MUSCLES OF THE OUTSIDE OF THE SHOULDER. 
PLATE VI Fig. 1 
a. A portion of the sterno-maxillans, or muscle wnich is com 
mon to, and connected with, the lower jaw, as well as the fore 
part of the chest. This is one of the muscles employed in 
lowering the head. It lies immediately under the skin, and 
