THE INTISTIHm 
287 
L Part of the rectum. 
*, i The diaphragm. 
k The bladder, distended with urine to show its dimensions and 
form. 
1. The gall-duet. 
m. The duodenum takes its rise from the right extremity of the 
stomach—-being the first of the small intestines—and soon 
after forms a curvature around the head of the pancreas, 
having the liver above and the great arch of the colon below it 
When it reaches the concave part of the liver, it makes a 
sudden turn backward, and becomes attached to the right 
kidney ; then crosses the spine, between the roots of the me¬ 
sentery and mesocolon and left side, where it assumes the 
name of jejunum. The duodenum receives the food which 
has been converted into chyme by the digestive power of the 
stomach, and in this gut is converted into chyle. It is mixed 
with the bile and the secretion from the pancreas, which enter 
into this intestine about five inches down from its orgin. The 
bile appears to be the principal agent in this change, for no 
sooner does it enter into combination with the chyme, than the 
fluid begins to separate into two distinct ingredients, namely, 
the thick white liquid termed chyle—which is the nutritive 
portion of the food—and a yellow pulpy substance, which 
becomes excrement. A more perfect separation of these sub¬ 
stances takes place further on in the intestines, the chyle is 
sucked up by the mouths of the numerous small vessels called 
the lacteals, leaving the excrement alone. 
The next part of the small intestine which follows the 
duodenum is the jejunum, through which the food passes 
with great rapidity, for it is generally found quite empty in 
the dead subject. It is paler in colour and less in calibre, 
and also much longer than the duodenum, 
The next intestine is the ileum, which is the longest of 
all the intestines, and forms the greater part of the convo¬ 
luted tube, which lies chiefly in the umbilical region. The 
small intestines altogether will contain about eleven gallons 
of fluid. 
