5 9 i4 T^UAL OF MODERN KARRI RUT 
be necessary to throw the animal on some soft ground, or 
upon straw, the more easily to effect the cutting. After 
this is done, let the parts be rubbed with the above lotion, 
and the whole foot wrapped round with a cloth moistened 
in it. The animal may then be turned out to a soft pas¬ 
turage. Should, however, the inflammation not subside in 
a couple of days, bleeding from the veins of the foot will 
be necessary. 
THE GAD-FLY, WURBLES, OR WORMALS. 
The gad-fly is exceedingly troublesome to cattle during 
the summer months, more especially in very hot seasons. 
This has been minutely investigated by Mr. Bracey Clarke, 
and is scientifically called by him cestris bovis, or ox-fly. 
It has otherwise been called the breeze-fly. Their bite is 
very painful, and always creates a small swelling in that 
part of the skin penetrated by its tongue. But that evil 
of which we are about to treat has been successively 
denominated, wurbles, or wormals, probably a corruption of 
worm-holes, which are frequently found on the backs of 
cattle. The female gad-fly, which produces these humours, 
we have represented in plate x. fig. 15. From the obser¬ 
vations of the celebrated naturalist and physiologist Reau¬ 
mur, it appears that the female is furnished with a singu¬ 
larly constructed ovipositor, which lengthens by a series of 
sliding tubes, (place x. fig. 10,) precisely like that of an 
opera-glass. There are four of these tubes, as may be seen 
by pressing the belly of the fly till they come into view. 
Like other ovipositors of the same sort, they are composed 
of a horny substance. This instrument is furnished with five 
joints, three of which are longer than the other two, and at 
first sight not unlike a fleur-de-lis , though, upon narrower 
inspection, they may be discovered to terminate in curved 
