THE FEEDING COW-HOUSE. 
555 
one empties itself by a spout led through the wall. By 
means of this arrangement, the food can be kept clean with¬ 
out much trouble. The cattle should be chained to stakes, 
situate at a proper distance from each other, and these are 
attached to a horizontal beam, running from one end of the 
house to the other, and attached to the roof by an upright 
support. The three and a half feet space between the 
beam and the wall, is intended as a walk for the men who 
feed the cattle, and from which they deposit the cut turnips 
into the troughs. To prevent the animals from choking 
with the turnips, the chains should be of such a length as 
will prevent the animal from lifting his head too high, as it 
is found that they are more apt to choke, when they are en¬ 
abled to raise their heads much. The cow-house should 
have a window at both ends, to enable the men to see that 
no accident befals the animals. 
Should any of the cattle be seen choking, the attendant 
must immediately apply the instrument described, with the 
mode of using it, at page 471, and represented on plate x. 
fig. 19, which ought constantly to be at hand. 
In large establishments, the cattle-feeders should be on 
the spot night and day, and ought to have a sleeping apart¬ 
ment at the end of the cow-house, with a window looking 
into it, so that he may hear and see anything which may 
require his attention. 
At about a foot distant from the hind-quarters of the 
cattle, there should be a hewn stone dung-groop and urine- 
gutter, so that the latter may run off as soon as it is dis¬ 
charged by the animal, and be conducted into the urina- 
rium in the yard, which should be enclosed for the purpose. 
There should be several vents constructed for allowing 
the breath of the cattle and ammoniacal gas to escape, as 
the inhaling of the latter is very detrimental to the Health 
