WORMS, 
635 
and three species ot tape-worm, viz., the icenia caliniformis. 
serrata, and the cucurbitina. 
Without entering into the question of the formation of 
worms in the intestines of animals, I shall simply describe 
those known to inhabit dogs, with the medical treatment 
for each. 
It may be noticed, in passing, however, that there are se¬ 
veral causes which contribute to the production of worms. 
Among them are, damp and ill-aired sleeping-places, and 
food which is too nutritive, having thereby the effect of 
rendering the chyle too rich. Hence, worms are more com¬ 
mon with dogs which are petted and over-fed, than those 
which are nourished upon a more simple diet. When the 
digestive organs are weakened, it contributes greatly to the 
generation of worms. Another and very powerful cause 
arises from the food of dogs being frequently made without 
salt, a condiment which is essentially necessary to all 
graminivorous animals, not only as a stimulant, but also as a 
vermifuge. The use of salt has, indeed, of late proved 
most beneficial in feeding cattle and sheep, and is in conse¬ 
quence much used by agriculturists. When the animals, 
in particular, lead an inactive life, it proves an excellent 
and necessary stimulant. 
The Canine Maw-worm .—This species is extremely small, 
being only about half-an-inch in length, with the head end¬ 
ing in a very acute point, and having the tail slightly flatten¬ 
ed, and lobed on each side. Its general colour is yellowish- 
white. These worms are found sometimes in great numbers 
in the lower intestines of dogs, and are known to have 
ascended through the whole intestinal canal, and even 
found their way into the stomach; in which case they 
induce vomiting, great nausea, and loathing of food. 
The Marginaied Round worm. —This animal has all the 
