636 
MANUAL OF MODERN FARRIERY. 
appearance of the common earth-worm, but seldom grows 
larger than from three to four inches : it is of a pale skin- 
colour, or yellowish-white. The head is provided with a 
kind of hood, and is situated at the narrow end of the 
worm This worm generally takes its lodgment in the con¬ 
volutions of the small intestines, although it frequently 
ascends even into the stomach, and produces violent irrita¬ 
tion. It is often found in vast numbers in a single dog. 
The Chain-shaped Tape-worm .—This worm is also very 
common in the intestines of the dog. It is a long animal 
frequently exceeding nine feet in length ; and consists of a 
number of flat, oblong-oval articulations, or joints, each fur¬ 
nished with an orifice, or opening, at its margin, on the 
opposite side in every alternate articulation : the head is on 
the smaller end of the worm, and is extremely minute. This 
species is of a cream-coloured white. 
The serrated Tape-worm .—The length of this worm is 
about twenty inches, with numerous rectangular articula¬ 
tions, the hinder ones becoming gradually broader and 
shorter. They are striated, or with fine, thread-like lines on 
the rings, and each margin is serrated or toothed, like a saw: 
the head is small, and the colour of the worm dirty white, 
or pale brown. 
The Gourd Tape-worm .—This worm strongly resembles 
the common tape-worm of the human body, but thicker; 
the joints are all square, and equal, with alternate apertures 
on the sides. They are broad towards the tail, and sur¬ 
rounded with a turned margin ; the colour is of a yellowish 
white, and opaque. They are not numerous, but a dozen 
have been evacuated by one dog. 
Symptoms. —The dog, under the influence of worms, be¬ 
comes thin and even emaciated ; is dull and stupid ; his 
eyes are heavy, and his nose swelled and dry. He continu 
