Silphium emarRinatuin sp, nov. 
Sllphiiffii emarginatum sp, nov. Plant perrenial; stem simple, strict, 40-60 cm. 
high, mostly 3 mm, broad or less, striate, scabrous to pilose, the lower portion of 
stem frequently densely pilose with hairs that are relatively long and are several- 
celled; leaves chiefly basal, abruptly smaller above, alternate, or one or more pairs 
of cauline leaves opposite; basal leaves long-petioled, the petiole shorter than the 
mid-rib of the blade and mostly 10 cm, long or less and the blade 10 cm. long or more 
and up to 15 cm. long and 4,5 cm. broad, elliptic, acute, mostly shallowly and remotely 
toothed, scabrous-pubescent on both surfaces, ciliate; cauline' leaves above the middle 
of the stem sessile, obtuse, progressively smaller till becoming bract-like below the 
head; involucre 2-E,5 cm. broad; involucral bracts in 4-5 series, the outer green, 
shorter, ovate, acutish, the inner pale, longer, spatulate, obtiusish, all several- 
nerved glabrate, ciliate; ray-flowers 15-20, in 3 series, fruit-producing, ligules 
yellow, spatulate, rounded and emarginate at apex, the notch V-shaped and up to 2 mm, 
deep, or U-shaped and shallow, in the one case the lobes are unequal, one being longer 
and bfoader than the other, and ini.he other case the lobes are equal, the notch being 
exactly in the center of the apex, u--) to 2 cm. long (with the achene 2,5 cm. long) and 
6 ram. broad, usually 9-nerved; disk flowers not fruit producing, of 3 sorts, the first 
sort of about five series just inside the ray-flowers consisting of an embryonic achene 
6 mm. long which is dilated at the apex and pubescent and subtended by a bract which is 
9- 10 mm, long and about 2 mm. broad at widest part, scarious-margined below while above 
the middle pubescent, glandular, and ciliate, next inside this series is one in which 
the disk-corolla is present but remains closed, with the embryonic achene Emm, long and 
the corolla-tube 6 mm. long, and surpassed by the subtending bractlet by Emm., and the 
central of innermost series of disk-flowers is of E-3 series of developed disk-flowers, 
14-15 mm. long, surpassing the bractlet, and vath:.the embryonic achene 6 mm, long, the 
corolla-tube about 6.5 mm. long, the corolla lobes short, .5 mm. long or less, broad, 
rounded, pubescent, and surpassed by exsertion of anthers and erect style-branches; 
anthers 4 mm, long, half or more exserted; stjrie-branches erect, l.ri mm. long; achenes 
10- 11 ram. long, 9 m. broad or less, flat, E-winged, deeply notched at apex, the notch 
about 4itim, deep and ciliate, the achene pubescent except on hhe wings, v/hich are slightly 
erose above; pappus wanting. i . 
■■ ' - - I 
Type specimen, No, 19810, was collected in northwestern Hardin County, Texas, 
about ten miles east and north of Votaw, September 13, 1936, and is deposited at the 
Gray Herbarim. This plant grows in low, sandy open areas in timbered land. It was 
again collected two days later in a similar habitat 5 miles south of Silsbee, and likely 
grows throughout the Big Thicket area of Southv®stem Texas. Possibly this species 
agrees in more respects with S.“^^^ngustum (A. Gre^y) Small than to other species of 
Silphium, It differs from that species in the larger and broader leaves, and in the 
achenes being higher than broad and in beinf? deeply notched, rather than merely being 
surmounted bv short teeth. The specific name refers to the prominent emargination of 
the ligules. 
