109 
ON TURNER A ULMIFOLIA- 
observations upon the variety T. elegane. Living specimens 
of T. angustifolia taken from the garden at Perademya 
entirely bear out Urban’s statements. , # 
According to Urban, then, T. ulmifolia is homostyled. 
T. angustifolia is a narrow-leafed form of it. In the latter 
the peduncles are fused to bracts which bear glands near the 
base. The bracteoles are large and leafy and resemble an 
involucre of two leaves. The petals are golden yellow m 
colour, and when fully open lie almost in a plane ; their 
edges do not then overlap. The spread of the corolla is 
about 3-5 cm. The three styles stand up close together, and 
the brush-like stigmas spread out their branches into the 
form of a hemisphere. The filaments stand upright below, 
but above they spread outwards, so that the introrse anthers 
do not touch the stigmas. Honey tubes 4 mm. long are 
formed by fusion of the edges of the flattened base of the 
filaments with the receptacle. The openings of the tubes 
are protected from small insects by hairs on the bases of the 
In the case of failure of insect visitors, self-pollination is 
effected by withering of the corolla, which brings the anthers 
into contact with the stigmas. Good seed is produced by this 
method of pollination. 
The only other form of Turnera examined by Urban in the 
livingconditionwas the variety T. cuneiformis, which showed 
some marked deviations in its floral mechanism. In this 
variety the styles diverge above and bring the stigmas almost 
into the circle of anthers. The stigmatic rays are all upright; 
their apices lie in an oval plane. All the anthers, except 
(usually) one, twist completely round'during the opening of 
the bud, so that the pollen chambers open outwards. The 
exceptional, introrse, anther bends away from the stigmas 
like all the anthers of T. angustifolia, and this anther serves 
for self-pollination if the visits of insects fail. 
have evidently misunderstood Urban’s words, 
Bei der homostylen Turnera nlmifolia (und zwar 
•m, welche den Namen T. angustifolia hat).” 
