146 WRIGHT: THE GENUS DIOSPYROS 
often yields large quantities of a gummy extract reputed to 
be efficacious for toothache. 
Distribution .—Moist region only, 2,000 to 4,000 ft.; 
abundant along precipitous banks and rocky damp gullies as 
in Adam’s Peak Wilderness and North-East Matale. Sinha 
Raja Forest, Hantane, Rakwana, Balangoda, Hewesse, Hini- 
dum, Ambalawa, Gangaruwa, Kadugannawa, Pindeniya, 
Gammaduwa, Pitigala, Pettiagalakanda. Also in Eastern 
Bengal, Silhet, Khasia. 
Oiospyros Ebenum, Koenig in Physiogr. Salsk. Handl. 
I, p.176 (1776). * 
Kaluwara, S ; Karunkali, T. 
Unn. f. Suppl. PI. 440 (1781). Retz. Obs. Bot. V, 31. Thw. 
Enum. 180. 0. P. 1,912. Hiern, Mon. Eben. 208. Roxb.Fl. 
Ind.II.,529. Alph. DC. Prodr. VIII., p.234 (1844). Bedd.Fl. 
Sylv. Madr. t. 65 (1870). Wight, Ic. 1.188 (1840). 
A large evergreen tree, dioecious, polygamous, and 
occasionally monoecious, trunk erect and foliage dense ; 
bark thick, dark grey or black, occasionally scaly, finely 
grooved in branches and twigs, red when cut. 
Leaves alternate, numerous, spreading dichotomously. 
very variable, 50-130 mm. long, 20-60 mm. wide, oblong- 
oval or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or obtuse 
apex, usually narrowed at base, glabrous, thinly coriaceous, 
bright green and shining above, paler beneath, venation 
strongly reticulate and pellucid, and meshes wider than in 
D. Toposia. Petiole 4-8 mm. long, green, glabrous. 
This species could be arranged to include several varieties 
according to variation in size, venation, and form of the 
mature leaves. 
The monoecious state is rarely met with. I have seen it 
in the forests near Dambalagala Trigonometrical Station, 
Central Province, at an elevation of 1,900 feet, on rocky damp 
slopes. At this place one tree possessed the ordinary male 
flowers with indefinite connate stamens and rudimentary 
pistil, and female flowers each with 8 barren staminodes, 
typical calyx, and gymecinm. (See pi. XIII., fig. 5.) 
