54 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ July 20, 1882. 
variety the whorls are more densely set with leaves, and the 
leaves more slender and pointed ; the flowers are smaller, but 
abundantly produced ; the general growth is less robust, but the 
increase very rapid. These three represent the most distinct 
forms, but there are many others possessing characters more or 
less marked, though perhaps all may be found amongst those 
imported and sold under the general name of pardalinum. 
As regards cultivation, I believe that this Lily finds something 
especially congenial in the peat which I procure from the hills 
near me. The beds are dug out to a depth of 4 feet, thoroughly 
drained, and filled with a mixture consi'ting of two-thirds or 
three-fourths, or even more, chopped peat. The more peat the 
better this Lily seems to like the soil. As for situation, I have 
come to think that in the cloudy and rainy climate of Cheshire 
they cannot have too much sun. The surface of the bed is 
covered with Ledums, Menziesias, slow-growing Ericas, Azalea 
mollis, and similar shrubs. One I formerly recommended, 
Pernettya mucronata, grows too fast and roots too thickly on the 
surface, robbing the soil. Many of the Epimediums are good, 
but E. pinnatum I find liable to the same objection as the 
Pernettya—making too strong growth. The use of these plants 
is to keep the surface of the soil cool, and to protect the young 
growths in spring. I do not like the shrubs to be more than a 
foot high, or the growth of the Lilies is apt to be drawn too much. 
A late spring is to be desired for these as well as for other Lilies. 
L. pardalinum has never been killed by frost in my garden, 
but when they have grown clear of the shrubs the point of the 
shoot is very sensitive and easily destroyed by frost. The more 
advanced it is the more tender it becomes, and every year I have 
several heads spoilt by late frosts : this year some were killed at 
the beginning of June. The capricious way in which the frost 
takes a head in the middle of a bunch, leaving those around it 
quite unhurt, is unaccountable. With the exception of L. Han- 
soni, which forms its buds so unfortunately early that I have 
never yet been able to make it flower out of doors, L. parda¬ 
linum is the worst sufferer from late frosts. Still 90 per cent, 
of the stalks generally escape unhurt, and make a grand forest 
of flowers about the middle of July. The beds, however, have 
to be filled with upright iron rods from 7 to 9 feet high, far 
more thickly, in proportion to their size, than the poles in a 
Hop yard. The stalk is so soft and brittle as to require to be 
tied against every wind, even in the most sheltered position I can 
give, but then my garden is a windy place. All the varieties of 
L. pardalinum increase fast, not less in my soil than threefold 
every year, and I have never left them for more than three years 
in the same spot. The bulbs soon grow in a cluster on the surface 
of the soil, and the heads become so crowded that the flowers 
cannot expand properly. I have now begun to plant them in my 
mixed flower beds, where they seem to be doing pretty well, but 
not so well as in the peat; but all my flower beds are artificially 
drained, and consist of made soil, or the stiff cold native clay 
would make all gardening hopeless. 
Much has been written about the best time for transplanting 
Lilies. The question is an important one, for some Lilies seem to 
take three years to recover from transplanting, and we know that 
the roots of many kinds of Lily are in active growth when there 
is no indication of growth above ground. Mr. Wilson has told us 
that he has often found Lily bulbs grow and continue healthy for 
years without anything appearing on the surface. In all garden¬ 
ing operations, however, experience is better than theory, and in 
the case of L. pardalinum and most other Lilies I have found 
spring the worst and early autumn the best time for transplanting. 
When the tops begin to turn colour, but have still life in them, 
most Lilies are moved with least cost to their next year’s growth. 
L. pardalinum does not suffer much from the attacks of slugs 
or other ground vermin, and, though the stalks are often attacked 
with spot, that disease is not so destructive as it is to other Lilies. 
The flowering of many stalks not only of L. auratum, which, being 
latest, suffers worst, but of L. Humboldti, L. canadense, L. super¬ 
bum, and others, is annually destroyed in my garden by this 
troublesome atmospheric blight. Happily, though it may be con¬ 
tagious, it is not hereditary or persistent, for I make a practice 
of marking by labels the worst cases, and not unfrequently find 
that those very bulbs which are worst affected one year are 
amongst the finest and most healthy the following year/ L. par¬ 
dalinum seldom shows signs of spot until the flowering is nearly 
over, and then not to such an extent as to kill the leaves and 
stalk prematurely. As far as my experience of Lilies extends 
this is far the best of all the American Lilies for general culti¬ 
vation in gardens.— C. Wolley Dod. 
Indiarubber Plants. —Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer recently brought 
before the Linnean Society an important communication on the 
caoutchouc-yielding Apocynaceee of Malaya and Tropical Africa - 
After giving a general sketch of the structural and physiological 
conditions of the occurrence of caoutchouc in plants, the author 
pointed out that the plants which appeared to yield it in commercial 
quantity in three widely separated regions all belonged to one tribe 
of Apocynaceas, the Carissese. In the East Indies the “ gutta sing- 
garip”of the Malay Peninsula, the “ gutta soosoo ” of Borneo, was 
the produce of a new species Willughbeia, W. Burbidgei. Many 
other species of this and allied genera also seemed to produce caout¬ 
chouc in quantity worth collection. In central Africa Landolphia, 
which was closely allied to Willughbeia, but differed in possessing 
terminal instead of axillary flowers, was the most important source. 
On the east coast caoutchouc was yielded by L. owariensis and L. 
florida, the latter a very ornamental plant. As the rubber exuded 
from the cut stems, it was plastered by the collectors on the breast 
and arms, and the thick layer when peeled off and cut up into 
squares was called “ thimble rubber.” On the west coast the most 
important species was L. Ivirkii, the rubber of which could be wound 
off into balls or small rolls from the cut stems, like silk from a co¬ 
coon ; this species was called “ Matere.” L. florida also occurred, 
and was called “ m’bunga its rubber was worked up into balls, but 
was inferior in value. The rubber of L. Petersiana was of little 
importance. In South America Hancoruia speciosa yielded what 
was called “ mangabeira rubber.”— {Nature.) 
CARDIFF ROSE SHOW. 
The second Exhibition of this flourishing child of the National 
Rose Society was held in the Drill Hall, Cardiff, on Wednesday last, 
and notwithstanding the unfavourable “ skyey ” influences, which 
have—by the constantly recurring showers—sadly militated against 
the freshness and brightness of the flowers, was greatly in advance 
of its predecessors. There were some excellent boxes of blooms and 
some very fine flowers shown, but there is still great need for improve¬ 
ment amongst the local growers, many of their exhibits being of an 
inferior quality, and manifesting a most heroic disregard of names. 
Still there was impx-ovement. The absurdity of added foliage had 
been done away with; and although some still exhibited in the 
■ old slovenly style, yet I believe we shall see here, as we have seen 
elsewhere, that the presence of good exhibits showing the standard 
which is to be reached will have its effect. That the Society, under 
the able and genial secretaryship of Mr. Pettigrew,is a flourishing one 
may be gathered from the fact that two gold medals of the National 
Rose Society were given as prizes, and that a very liberal schedule 
inducing growers from a distance to compete was provided, in which, 
as in the parent Society’s schedule, provision was made for all comers. 
Happily the day was fine, and a large number of the inhabitants of 
this busy place availed themselves of the opportunity of enjoying the 
feast of Roses and the performances of a very excellent band. 
The following were the chief awards. Class 1, for forty-eight dis¬ 
tinct varieties, the first prize was awarded, together with the National 
Society’s gold medal, to the Cranston Nursery Co., Hereford, for a 
fine stand containing the following varieties :—Capitaine Christy, 
Louis Van Houtte, Madame Vidot. good and rarely seen now ; Charles 
Darwin, Marie Finger, Comtesse d’Oxford, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Mrs. 
Baker, La France, Reynolds Hole, Elie Morel, Duke of Teck, Comtesse 
de Serenye, Dingd Conard, shown as we never see it by anyone else ; 
Royal Standard, fine; A. K. Williams, Madame Lacharme, Marie 
Rady, Jean Ducher, Fisher Holmes, Marquise de Castellane, Auguste 
Neumann, Catherine Mermet, Senateur Vaisse, Marquise de Morte- 
mart, Marie Baumann, Lselia, Duke of Edinburgh, Madame Charles, 
Marguerite Mandin, a Rose unknown to me—a large-petalled flower ; 
General Jacqueminot, Baronne de Rothschild, Horace Vernet, Duch- 
esse de Vallombrosa, Penelope Mayo, Souvenir d’un Ami, Alfred 
Colomb, Souvenir de la Malmaison, Mrs. Jowitt, Princess Mary of 
Cambridge, Jean Liabaud, Marie Van Houtte, John S. Mill, Bouquet 
d’Or, Pierre Notting, Marguerite de St. Amand, and Duke of Welling¬ 
ton. In the class for twenty-four trebles the same firm was again 
first with the stands containing a selection from the above varieties. 
They were also first in the class for twenty-four singles, and still 
again first for twenty-four Teas—a fine box containing Souvenir 
d’un Ami, Madame Emilie Dupuy, a Rose I did not recollect to have 
seen before—a well-formed flower of the Gloire de Dijon type ; 
Madame Manin, Jean Ducher, Madame Willermoz, Marie Van Houtte, 
Catherine Mermet, Perle des Jardins, Anna Ollivier, Gloire de Dijon, 
Madame Bravy, Adam, Souvenir de Paul Neyron, Madame Lambard, 
Devoniensis, Madame Sertot, Madame Margottin, Triomphe de Lux¬ 
embourg, Caroline Kuster, Madame Camille, Marie Guillot, Madame 
Furtado, and Madame Hippolyte Jamain. In twenty-four of one 
variety they were equal first with Mr. Grant with Mrs. Jowitt, and 
first for the best twelve Teas of one kind with Niphetos, thus truly 
making a clean sweep of the first prizes. Messrs. Davison were good 
seconds in most of these classes. 
Amongst amateurs Mr. G. P. Hawtrey of Slough and Mr. W. Grant 
of Ledbury were the chief exhibitors, showing excellent stands of 
slightly weathered flowers, although much less so than might have 
been expected. In the class for twenty-four Mr. Hawtrey won the first 
prize and the National Society’s gold medal with Charles Darwin, 
Souvenir d’un Ami, Hippolyte Jamain, Jules Finger. Jean Liabaud, 
Alfred Colomb, John Hopper, Capitaine Christy, Madame Boutin, 
Maurice Bernardin, Richard Laxton, Comtesse de Choiseul, La France, 
