JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
92 
lary growths following being pinched as fast as they appear. The principal 
leaves at the base of the shoots are then exposed to the full action of the sun 
and air, and the formation of fruit buds on the spurs below or amongst them 
usually follows. Shoots required for extension or for occupying vacant space, 
as replacing branches that are not satisfactory, must not of course be shortened, 
but all the others should be; and as a rule this shortening is too long deferred, 
especially when the trees are disposed to grow vigorously, as an extension of 
luxuriant shoots incites root-action, and if this is too powerful fruit spurs are 
not readily formed. 
Insects on Azaleas (C. D.). —Your plants appear to be infested with 
thrips. These insects have a great partiality for Azaleas, and seriously injure 
the plants. Dissolve 2 ozs. of soft soap in a gallon of water, and pour half a 
gallon of boiling water on an ounce of strong tobacco. Mix the two solutions 
thoroughly, and then syringe the plants heavily. The best mode of doing this 
is to lay the plants on their sides on a mat or other clean surface, and by turn¬ 
ing them round the insecticide can be directed to the under sides of every leaf, 
while at the same time the soil is not saturated. This should be repeated at 
intervals of ten days throughout this and the ensuing month, and the plants 
will be cleansed. Dipping small plants is even more effectual than syringing. 
It is not necessary to place Azaleas in the open air, provided they are properly 
attended to in a suitable house. It is, however, better to place them outside 
for a fevv weeks than to keep them heavily shaded under Vines. When placed 
in the open air it is important to shade the pots from the sun, as the roots will 
be injured, and means must be adopted to prevent worms entering the pots. 
Show Pelargoniums after Flowering (II. C.).— As they have been 
outdoors some time, cut down each shoot at two or at most three eyes of the 
base of the last season’s growth ; and when they have broken and have shoots 
barely an inch long turn them out of the pots and remove all the old soil, trim- 
ming-iu the roots, and repot in a size less pot than those they were flowered in, 
and place them in a cold pit or frame, keeping rather close until fresh roots are 
formed, then admit air abundantly, protecting from heavy rains. At the close 
of September or early in October remove them to shelves or stages in a light 
airy position. In November they may be stopped, and in December have them 
in their blooming pots. Three parts turfy loam, one part old cow dung, one 
one part leaf soil, and half a part of silver sand, forms a good compost. Zonals 
which have done flowering may be treated in the same way. 
Names of Plants (TV. (!.).—Every effort has been made to obtain the 
name of your plant, but without avail, and all that can be determined is that it 
is an Antbericum. Had it been packed so as to have arrived here with fresh 
flowers its specific name could doubtless have been ascertained. (IV. IF. Myers). 
—5, Festuca ovina, Sheep Fescue Grass ; 19, Bromus Asper, Rough Brome 
Grass; 20, Bromus sterilis, Barren Brome Grass: 21, Millium effusum. Wood 
Millet (birds are fond of the seeds of this Grass) ; 23, Brachypodium sylvaticum, 
Wood Brome Grass ; 26, Poa trivialis, Rough Meadow Grass. (M. McK.). — 
The specimens were much withered, but the following were recognisable—5, 
Rhus typhina; 7, Ornithogalnm exscapum (G. S.). —1, Agrostis vulgaris ; 2, 
Epilobium liirsutum ; 3, Ononis reclinata; 5, Hieracium aurantiacum ; 6 , Vicia 
gracilis. (F. A.). —1, Insufficient; 2, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ; 3, Pteris 
serrulata cristata; 4, Nepbrodmm setigerum ; 5, Blechnum oceidentale; 6 , A 
variety of Pteris tremula. (IF. T .).—See our remarks on the subject of naming 
Roses, which are a repetition of what we have many times stated in previous 
issues. (Irish Correspondent). —We have not received your Roses, nor do we 
undertake to name varieties of Roses or other florists’ flowers, but only species 
of plants. (R. .4. P.).— Omphalodes linifolia. 
Standard Frame (T. E. L .).—At a meeting of the Special Committee 
of the British Bee-Keepers’ Association which had been appointed to consider 
the subject, held on March 16th of the present year, it was unanimously resolved 
that the outside dimensions of the standar 1 frame should be 14 inches long, 
8 £ inches deep ; the top bar to be three-eighths of an inch thick, bottom bar 
one-eighth of an inch thick ; side bars a quarter of an inch thick. These dimen¬ 
sions do not refer to anything outside of the rectangle. It was also resolved 
that standard frames duly stamped should be provided at lj. each. It is better and 
more economical to feed bees with syrup than with dry sugar. Please address 
your letters correctly; it was only by chance that yours reached us after having 
been refused in the Strand. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET— JULY 26TH. 
OUR market has been light this week, and with buyers for soft fruit off prices 
have been lower. 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples. 
i sieve 
0 
otoo 
0 
Grapes . 
lb. 
1 
6 to4 
0 
Apricots. 
box 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Lemons. 
case 
20 
0 
30 
0 
Ditto . 
1 
o 
2 
0 
o 
o 
o 
Cherries. 
4 sieve 
6 
0 
12 
0 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
100 
4 
o 
o 
o 
Currants, Black.. 
4 sieve 
4 
0 
4 
G 
Peaches . 
dozen 
4 
0 
12 
0 
„ Red.... 
i sieve 
2 
(3 
3 
6 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
4 
0 
0 
0 
dessert . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Filberts. 
tb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, English tb. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cobs.. 
100 tb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Raspberries . 
lb. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Gooseberries .... 
i sieve 
2 
6 
0 
0 
Strawberries .... 
lb. 
0 
6 
i 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8 
d. 
s. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuces . 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Beans, Kidney... 
100 
i 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress . 
punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
bch. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
i 
6 
Parsley . doz 
bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts. 
J sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
0 
10 
0 
Capsicums . 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes . 
'cwt. 
6 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots . 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Kidney. 
cwt. 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Radishes_ doz .bunches 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts_doz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
. each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Scorzbnera . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
o 
o 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
G rlic . 
tb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach . 
bushel 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs . 
bunch 
2 
0 
0 
tb 
o 
Leeks. 
. bunch 
o 
s 
0 
4 
Turnips, new. 
bunch 
0 
6 
0 
0 
[ July 27, 1882. 
m HOME FARM M 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
MAXIMUM PRODUCE OF FARM CROPS. 
(Continued from page 69.) 
In the essay previously alluded to Mr. J. C. Morton says :—“ No 
list of Agricultural Maxima is complete which omits the experience 
of the Rev. S. Smith of Lois Weedon, Northamptonshire. His 
land in one field is a clay loam, and in another a clayed gravelly 
soil. It has borne successive Wheat crops, in the one case for 
thirteen years, and in the other for eight years. The crop in the 
former case has averaged upwards of 35 bushels per acre, and has 
gradually increased, so that latterly it has been more nearly 
5 quarters.” What especially distinguishes this from ordinary 
agricultural experience is, that these crops are obtained without 
the addition of manure. The Lois Weedon mode of growing 
Wheat consists simply in the deep and thorough cultivation of 
wide fallowed intervals between adjacent triplet rows a foot apart 
from one another. These wide intervals, a yard in breadth, are 
at once the feeding ground of this year’s crop and the seed bed 
of the next. This cultivation as conducted by Mr. Smith costs 
£7 3^. 9 d. per acre, including rent and taxes (£2 45. 3d.), and it 
results in obtaining from what is really half the land a crop which 
would generally be considered a good one though taken from the 
whole of it, and this it yields annually and constantly. At the 
time this experimental practice was carried out previous to 1859 
it attracted some attention, but principally on account of no 
manure being used, trusting to cultivation to bring into operation 
the elements of production contained in the soil. As, however, we 
have no analysis of this soil we must suppose that it was rich in 
potash chiefly, such as we have known to exist in land in a certain 
district as having produced full crops of every kind under ordinary 
cultivation without manure for upwards of fifty years. The Lois 
Weedon system has since been overshadowed by the system of 
continuous cropping and corn-growing introduced to notice by 
Sir J. B. Lawes’ experiments, and put into practice with more or 
less success by Messrs. Prout and Middleditch, a full account of 
whose practice, with our own comments thereon, was given in 
this Journal under the heading of “ Continuous Corn-Growing 
and Clay Farming” from the 22nd of September to the 13th of 
October, 1881. 
We wish now to call attention to another mode which has had 
a powerful influence towards producing maximum crops where 
tillage and manure has been applied with judgment and experience. 
We allude to the effects of selection called “pedigree in cereals,” 
and as this matter was introduced first by Major Hallett about 
twenty years ago there is no doubt but his efforts have been 
attended with success, and that the agriculturists of this country 
have now a much better class of cereals for seed purposes in con¬ 
sequence. We shall only shortly allude here to Major Hallett’s 
mode of selection, but for further information refer the home 
farmer to an article in this Journal upon the subject entitled 
“ Pedigree in Cereals,” dated June 24th, 1880. The questien in¬ 
volves three points. First, that no two giains of any cereal will 
produce plants precisely equal, and that, therefore, in any given 
quantity of any cereal, whether a dozen grains, a pint, or a quarter, 
there is one grain superior in producing power to any of the others; 
second, that this superiority is inheritable ; third, that it may, by 
repeated selection year after year of the best descendant grain, 
be greatly increased, and become practically a fixed characteristic * 
