188 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ August 24, 1882. 
layers. In the course of a few years more clay may be taken from beneath the 
ameliorated surface soil and burned, and more of the unburned clay brought up 
and mixed with the burned, so as to improve the texture and fertility of the soil 
by its increased depth. 
Asphalt Walks {Idem). —To satisfactorily asphalt garden walks and car¬ 
riage drives, a foundation should be formed of rubble, which for a walk should 
not be less than 3 inches thick, and for a drive not less than 6 inches, being 
coarser for the latter than the walk, and in each case the necessary incline 
should be given the surface of the rubble as will be required by the walk or 
drive, and at the sides should be at intervals drains with their covers and grat¬ 
ings to carry oil the surface water. The rubble should be laid so that its 
surface will be about 5 inches below the level of the grass, or in the case of Box 
or other edgings it will need to be about 3 inches, so as to raise it when the 
asphalt is placed on to the level of the surrounding soil. Then take three parts 
ashes from a furnace with small clinkers, the whole being quite fine to form a 
smooth surface; to this add two parts old lime rubbish, but that is not neces¬ 
sary if the ashes be fine enough to absorb the tar. Place the materials in a 
heap, and mix with boiling coal tar until it is of a consistence similar to stiff 
mortar. Place on the rubble 3 inches thick and make it smooth, firming it well 
down, sprinkling fine gravel over it, pass a light roller over it, and in a few 
days it will be quite firm. Such walks or drives, however, are liable to become 
soft in hot weather and give off a disagreeable odour. The quantity of tar 
depends on the porosity of the ashes, and the cost varies proportionately, also 
depending upon the cost of material, &e., in different localities. 
Fuchsias Unhealthy (C. TF.).—Your plants are devoured with thrips 
Dissolve 2 ozs. of soft soap in a gallon of water, and to this add a pint of strong 
tobacco w'ater, and with this mixture syringe your plants every ten days. If 
the plants are small you had better dip them in the solution. If they are large 
lay them on their sides on a mat and drench them thoroughly. The mixture 
should be used at a temperature of 100° to 120°. 
Hautbois Strawberry Culture (TF. M.).— Make a fresh plantation in 
rich deep soil, taking well-rooted runners of the current year, planting them 
in rows 2 feet apart, and 18 inches from plant to plant. Next season do not 
remove the runners, but allow them to root between the rows, and after the 
crop is gathered and the runners well rooted cut away the old plants, leaving 
the runners between the rows, keeping them to a row about a foot wide, 
manuring the space in autumn where the old plants have been growing. Alpine 
Strawberries may be planted now, but better plants are had from seed sown in 
gentle heat in spring, and the seedlings hardened off and planted out when 
ready. They will fruit in summer up to autumn ; or seed sown now and the 
plants wintered in a frame, planting them out in spring, will give you earlier- 
fruiting plants. 
Names of Fruits (<?., Diss). —The striped Apple is Duchess of Oldenburgh, 
and the other Red Astrachan. 
Names of Plants (G. D .).—Centaurea snaveolens, also known as the 
Sweet Sultan. {T. F. L.). —7, Pteris serrulata cristata ; 9, Adiantum trapezi- 
forme ; 10, Pteris cretica ; 12, Adiantum concinnum ; 13, Pteris longifolia ; 15, 
Gleichenia pectinata. AVe have repeatedly stated that we do not undertake to 
name more than six specimens at a time, and, moreover, the majority of those 
you sent were very unsatisfactory, nearly all the fronds being without spores. 
{H. II.). —1, Solidago Virgaurea; 2, Reseda Intea; 3, Euphorbia helioscopia; 4, 
Specimen insufficient; 5, Galium aparine. Notcutt’s “ Handbook of British 
Plants,” published at this office, price 3s. 6 d., post free 3s. 8 d., would suit you. 
{R. II.). —1, Lysimachia vulgaris; 2, Polygonum aviculare ; 3, insufficient; 4, 
Lapsana communis; 5, Achillea millefolium ; 6, Silene maritima. 
Standard Frame Hives {Inquirer ).—At a meeting of the British Bee¬ 
keepers’ Association, held on February 15th, 1881, it was unanimously resolved 
that the outside dimensions of the standard frame should be 14 inches long, 
8) inches deep; the top bar to be three-eighths of an inch thick, bottom bar one- 
eighth of an inch thick ; side bars a quarter of an inch thick. These dimen¬ 
sions do not refer to anything outside of the rectangle. It was also resolved 
that standard frames duly stamped should be provided at Is. each. Frames are 
usually made seven-eighths of an inch wide, five-eighths of an inch being 
allowed between them. Seasoned deal is suitable w'ood for bar-frame hives. Our 
Bee-keeping Manual, post free 4Jd., and “ Modern Bee-keeping,” price 6 d. (Long¬ 
mans, Green & Co.), would be useful to you if you do not possess them ; they 
were both, however, published anterior to the decision referred to. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET— AUGUST 23RD. 
A GOOD supply of Peaches reaching the market, but owing to the slackness of 
trade realising very low prices. Large quantities of French fruit still arriving. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples. 
J sieve 
0 
otoo 
0 
Lemons. 
20 
oto30 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
i 
0 
i 
6 
Melons. 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Cherries. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines.. 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges .... 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Currants, Black.. 
i sieve 
5 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches .... 
2 
0 
10 
9 
„ Red.... 
i sieve 
2 
6 
3 
6 
Pears,kitchen .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
4 
0 
0 
0 
dessert .... 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Filberts. 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, 
English !!•. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cobs.. 
ioo lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Raspberries . 
lb. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries 
lb. 
0 
<3 
1 
0 
Grapes . 
lb. 
1 
0 
4 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
9 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d- 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuces .... 
1 
n tnl 
6 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms 
0 
1 
6 
Beans, Kidney.... 
100 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard & Cress ..punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Parsley. 
doz. bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts.. 
} sieve 
0 
0 
« 
0 
Parsnips .... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Peas . 
0 
10 
0 
0 
Capsicums. 
100 
1 
e 
2 
0 
Potatoes .... 
6 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots . 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Kidney.... 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
0 
0 
6 
1 
6 
2 
0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
« 
6 
Scorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
S 
0 
0 
Shallots .... 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Garlic . 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach .... 
3 
e 
0 
0 
Herbs. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
e 
Tomatoes .. 
. lb. 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .... 
0 
6 
0 
0 
(HI 
HOME FARM If 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
BREEDING HUNTERS AND ROADSTERS. 
This is a subject which will certainly repay the home farmer 
and agriculturist for any attention he may devote to it. Under 
present circumstances connected with the occupation of land, 
products of various kinds which were formerly found profitable 
have lately proved the reverse ; in consequence the landed pro¬ 
prietors who may have land on hand instead of being occupied 
by tenants will do well to carefully consider what will sell best 
in the market, and at the same time prove well adapted to the 
soil and climate on which the farm may be situated. To some 
gentlemen proprietors the breeding of horses adapted for hunting 
and as roadsters will form an interesting employment, and may 
also be made profitable as a farming transaction if proper atten¬ 
tion is given to it. This subject requires to be considered in its 
economical as well as its scientific and practical bearings ; yet 
it is a fact that no amount of foresight and skill will enable the 
breeder of hunting horses, &c., to obtain his chief object with 
more than a fair proportion of his produce. Therefore, in order 
that the breeder may realise a fair profit the average horse must 
pay its expenses, and in aiming to produce a horse of such a 
stamp as will realise the highest price for hunting purposes the 
breeder is operating on the safe side, and in the way most likely 
to exclude the chances of failure, simply in consequence of the 
animal which just misses the character of the best class of hunter 
is of a style which is available for general purposes. 
When breeding is conducted upon this principle the style or 
type specially sought after should be that of the grand weight¬ 
carrying hunter. To explain what is understood by the term 
“hunter ” it will be necessary to consider the character of English 
horses, the different breeds or classes into which they may be 
divided, and also into the history and progress of the race. The 
hunter has never constituted a distinct breed ; in that respect he 
differs entirely from the pure blood horse, whose genealogy has 
alone obtained a reliable record. The long-established renown 
of the English and Irish hunter has depended, and must always 
depend, on the judicious crossing of breeds, and to which we have 
alluded in an article in this Jdurnal under the heading of “ Cross¬ 
breeding of Horses,” in the numbers dated the 16th, 23rd, and 
30th of March last, and for various and important statements 
relating thereto we refer our readers. But upon this occasion 
we propose to give some quotations from the prize essay on 
the subject of “Breeding of Hunters and Roadsters,” written by 
J. Gamgee, sen., and published in the Journal of the Royal Agri¬ 
cultural Society of England in 1863. This essay is the best we 
have seen upon the subject, and contains a combination of ideas 
and statements which are not only eminently scientific but 
thoroughly practical. 
It is surprising that the value and importance in the rearing 
of hunters, as they may be called the popular horse amongst the 
country gentlemen and various members of the middle classes of 
society, has not resulted in an attempt to form and maintain a 
general stud book in the same way that it has been for the blood 
horse during a long period. Difficulty is a word which frequently 
stands in the way of new measures relating to various matters in 
practical everyday life, but the way was never so plain and easy 
of accomplishment for establishing a register or stud book as at 
present. It is important to consider that the Royal Agricultural 
