JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
236 
2, a Corouilla, species not determinable; 3, Helianthus, insufficient for specific 
identification ; 4, Coronilla Emerus; 6, Abutilon striatum. The specimens of 
the hardy plants are too fragmentary. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— SEPTEMBER 6TH. 
A fair supply of Cobs reaching us, 
quieter. 
s. d. a. d. 
Apples. i sieve 3 oto7 o 
Apricots. doz. 1 0 16 
Cherries. £ sieve 0 0 0 0 
Chestnuts. bushel 0 0 0 0 
Currants, Black.. £ sieve 0 0 0 0 
„ Red.... £ sieve 0 0 0 0 
Figs. dozen 4 0 0 0 
Filberts. ft. 0 6 0 0 
Cobs. 100 ft. 40 0 45 0 
Gooseberries .... j sieve 0 0 0 0 
Grapes . ft. 1 0 4 0 
VESE 
s. d. s. d. 
Artichokes. dozen 2 0to4 0 
Asparagus. bundle 0 0 0 0 
Beans,Kidney.... 100 1 0 0 0 
Beet,Red. dozen 10 2 0 
Broccoli. bundle 0 9 16 
Brussels Sprouts.. £ sieve 0 0 0 0 
Cabbage. dozen 0 6 10 
Capsicums. 100 1 6 2 0 
Carrots . bunch 0 4 0 6 
Cauliflowers. dozen 2 0 3 0 
Celery. bundle 16 2 0 
Coleworts... .doz. bunches 2 0 4 0 
Cucumbers. each 0 4 0 6 
Endive. dozen 10 2 0 
Fennel. bunch 0 3 0 0 
Garlic . ft. 0 6 0 0 
Herbs. bunch o 2 0 0 
Leeks. bunch 0 3 0 4 
clearing at moderate prices. Trade 
s. d. s. d. 
Lemons. case 20 otoSO o 
Melons. each 2 0 4 0 
Nectarines. dozen 2 0 10 0 
Oranges . 100 6 0 10 0 
Peaches . dozen 2 0 10 o 
Pears,kitchen .. dozen 0 0 0 0 
dessert. dozen 10 2 0 
Pine Apples, English ft. 3 0 4 0 
Raspberries. ft, 0 0 0 0 
Strawberries .... lb. 0 0 0 0 
ABLES. 
s. d. s. d 
Lettuces . score 1 otol 6 
Mushrooms .punnet 10 16 
Mustard* Cress ..punnet 0 2 0 3 
Onions. bch. 0 6 0 0 
Parsley. doz.bunches 3 0 4 0 
Parsnips. dozen 10 2 0 
Peas . quart 0 10 0 0 
Potatoes. cwt. 6 0 7 0 
Kidney. cwt. 6 6 8 0 
Radishes.... doz .bunches 10 0 6 
Rhubarb. bundle 0 4 0 3 
Salsafy. bundle 10 0 0 
Scorzonera . bundle 16 0 0 
Seakale . basket 0 0 0 0 
Shallots. ft. o 3 0 4 
Spinach . bushel 3 0 0 0 
Tomatoes . ft. o 2 o o 
Turnips . bunch 0 6 0 0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
THE HEREFORD BREED OF CATTLE. 
This breed of cattle was formerly known as the Middle-horn, 
which appellation was also applied to the Devon and Somerset 
cattle. Since we can recollect, these cattle, now called Herefords, 
consisted to some extent of four different colours, but the style and 
type of each animal were much the same except in colour. The 
first to be mentioned was the tribe with mottled faces, with red 
marks intermixed as red spots upon the parts of the body usually 
white—as the face, feet, See.; the horn of a moderate length, of a 
waxy colour, with a slight turn upwards, and tipped with black, 
the skin being especially mellow, of moderate thickness, and well 
covered with plenty of soft glossy hair. They were usually good 
upon the chine ; and although they were not considered so docile 
as some other classes of Herefords, yet they displayed great apti¬ 
tude to fatten. Another variety, the dark greys, were so called 
from the broad white stripe which extended the whole length of the 
back, and the parts usually white being thickly interspersed with 
small red spots. The horns being rather shorter, with a more upward 
tendency, the animals were also smaller in size and smoother in 
hair than the other classes, being better on the chine than the 
mottled-faces, and possessing flesh of excellent quality. The light 
grey or white Hereford with red ears were closely resembling the 
now general red-with-white-face Hereford, the general charac¬ 
teristic of which breed as regards colour is a rich dark red, with a 
white face, throat, and chest, and white on the neck and along the 
back, and also inside the legs and the under parts of the body. 
Allusions have been found in old chronicles to a breed of white 
cattle with red ears as being possessed by the Welsh princes on 
the north side of the river Wye. It is also recorded that Lord 
Scudamore, who died in 1671, introduced red cows with white 
faces from Flanders, which may have cropped up in the bull calf 
[ September 7, 1882. 
spoken of by a Mr. Fully, by whom it is related that the introduc¬ 
tion of the white-faced cattle was accidental, and occurred in the 
stock of one of that gentleman’s ancestors, who lived at Hunting¬ 
don in Holmer, and in the following manner :—“ That about the 
middle of the last century the cowman came to the house announc¬ 
ing as a remarkable fact that the favourite cow had produced a 
white-faced bull calf. This had never been known to have occurred 
before, and as a curiosity it was agreed that the animal should be 
kept and reared as a future sire. Such in a few words is the origin 
of a fact which has prevailed through the county, for the progeny 
of this very bull became celebrated for white faces.” This simple 
matter in itself was the origin of the peculiar distinction as regards 
colour now existing in the Hereford breed of cattle, and which is 
universal wherever the Hereford cattle are met with. We get 
further information from the above source, which states :—“ That 
it ought never to be forgotten that our county breed might have 
remained for years located if it had not been for Mr. Westcar, who 
from 1779 to 1819 never omitted visiting the Hereford October 
fair and making purchases, and who induced the Duke of Bedford, 
the Duke of Manchester, Lord Talbot, and other noblemen to adopt 
the same plan.” 
Whatever Mr. Westcar might have done towards the advance¬ 
ment of the Hereford cattle, yet it must be admitted that the 
establishment of the “Hereford Herd Book” by Mr. Eyton, which 
commenced its records in 1845, had a greater and more far-reaching 
influence in bringing out the merits and advantages to graziers of 
the Hereford cattle. Mr. Eyton, however, at first did not receive 
any very hearty support, and after compiling the second volume 
resigned his task to Mr. W. Styles Powell, who died before he had 
completed the third, and Mr. T. Duckham, the late editor, entered 
upon his labours in 1857. Certainly a more able registrar of the 
Hereford cattle could not have been found, owing to his practical 
acquaintance with their breeding and management in his own 
farming business, and on whose opinions we set so much value 
that we shall take the opportunity as we proceed of quoting from 
them. At the commencement of the “ Herd Book ” there was no 
little strife amongst the county breeders, for not only were ad¬ 
herents of the white and mottled faces clamorous to be represented, 
but the light and dark grey breeds possessed some very influential 
and loyal adherents. All four claims and their breeders were 
allowed in the drawings on stone, and the mottle-faced Wellington, 
which was sold for £233 in 1816 ; the dark grey Victory ; the 
white-faced Cotmore (376), a first-prize Royal Agricultural Society’s 
bull at Oxford ; and the light grey Brocks wood were the chosen 
portraits for the first volume. 
When the century was young we are informed that the Hereford 
breeder’s pride was wont to develope itself in giving show-yard 
challenges. The eminent breeder, Mr. Price of Ryall, did not 
shrink from giving the Short-horned breeders a challenge in 1839 
with twenty cows and a bull, when Mr. Bates was flushed with his 
victories at the Oxford meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society; 
but the Kirklevington philosopher, as Mr. Bates was frequently 
called, did not come to terms, and the stipulated month was 
allowed to pass over without any results. Mr. Ben Tomkins, 
another celebrated Hereford breeder, although he did not care to 
send cows from home on such a mission, yet he offered to place 
twenty cows for a hundred pounds against all comers at Hereford. 
The Rev. Mr. Smythies of the Lynch, a “ singular grand divine ” 
(as shepherds phrase it) among Herefords, as the Rev. Henry 
Berry was among Short-horns, felt anxious to show five times as 
many of all ages for the same sum, and Mr. Weyman was ready to 
bring out his white-faced bull Stockton (237) against all England 
for five times as much. Such spirited action met with no response, 
and the breeders contented themselves with a more solid proof of 
excellence in the prices obtained for the herd of Mr. Ben Tomkins 
after his death in 1819. Twenty-eight breeding animals averaged 
£152 ; and Lord Talbot, who always stood very stoutly by the sort, 
gave £262 15^. for a cow, and considerably more for a bull. 
Before proceeding further with our subject we will give the 
description and points of the Hereford breed of cattle as stated 
by Mr. T. Duckham, the ex-editor of the “ Hereford Herd Book,” 
as follows—“The face, throat, chest, and lower part of the body 
and legs, together with the crest or mane and the tip of the tail a 
beautifully clear white ; a small red spot on the eye, and a round 
red spot on the throat in the middle of the white, are distinctive 
marks which have many admirers. The horns are of a yellow or 
white waxy appearance, frequently darker at the ends. Those of 
the bull should spring out straightly from a broad flat forehead ; 
whilst those of the cows have a wave and a slight upward ten¬ 
dency. The countenance is at once pleasant, cheerful, and open, 
presenting a placid appearance, denoting good temper and the 
quietude of disposition which is so highly essential to the success¬ 
ful grazing of all ruminating animals. Yet the eye is full and 
