260 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. c September 14, lm. 
of its varieties, which are numerous ; an effective hardy annual. The spray is 
Linaria Cymbalaria. (.1/. D.). — 1, Sophronitis grandiflora ; 2, Linaria vulgaris ; 
3, Tradescantia discolor ; 4, Passiflora cterulea ; 5, Jasminum gracile ; 6, Chrys¬ 
anthemum segetum. (Celt). —1, Ophiopogon spicatum var.; 2, Dictyogramma 
japouica ; 3, Doodia caudata. (Fisher). —Nigella damascena, popularly called 
Love in a Mist, sometimes even Devil in a Bush, a pretty annual for beds and 
borders. (Rosa). —We cannot undertake to name a plant from a single leaf. 
(J. 0.). —The fungus is a small specimen of Lycoperdon, but was too immature 
to enable us to identify it. The Grapes were quite unrecognisable, having been 
much crushed in transit. 
Driving Bees (Old Subscriber ).—With a view to obtain the honey from 
your two old stocks drive the bees into empty hives. The work of driving is 
simple and easily done. First blow some smoke from fustian or calico rags 
amongst the bees ; turn up the hives and place them on their crowns upside 
down ; put empty hives over them ; roll a table cover or piece of cloth of any 
kind round the junction of the hives ; and drive the bees up by drumming on 
the bottom ones for fifteen or twenty minutes. This drumming shakes and dis¬ 
turbs the bees below, and causes them to run up for safety. If the work is well 
done almost all the bees will be found in the empty hives. If a few stragglers 
remain in the old hives shake them out by a thump or two on the ground. If 
your servants cannot do this then destroy the stragglers with sulphur. Remove 
the hives to some house, and there take the honey before it has time to cool. 
At once unite the two swarms in an empty hive, and give the bees 2 lbs. of sugar 
made into syrup every night for twelve days, and thus you will have a stock 
excellent in every respect. If you follow this advice you will be able to con¬ 
vince the bee-keepers around you that the brimstone pit is a cruel and wasteful 
expedient, and that bees saved from it can be fed into stocks of great value. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— SEPTEMBER 13TH. 
A quiet business doing, prices generally easier. Kent Cobs in good supply, 
but cleared at lower rates. 
FRUIT. 
9. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
o 
o 
Lemons. 
20 
OtoSO 
o 
Apricots. 
doz. 
i 
0 
i 
6 
Melons. 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Cherries. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines.. 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges .... 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Currants, Black.. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches .... 
2 
0 
10 
0 
„ Red.... 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears, kitchen .. dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Figs. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
dessert .... 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Filberts.. 
ft. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, 
English ft. 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Cobs.. 
100 ft. 35 
0 
40 
0 
Raspberries . 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries 
lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grapes . 
». 
1 
0 
3 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
S 
d. 
s. 
d. 
9. 
d. 
s. 
d- 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuces .... 
1 
0 to 1 
6 
Asparagus. 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms 
1 
0 
1 
6 
Beans,Kidney .... 
100 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard&Cress ..punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beet, Red. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
i 
6 
Parsley. 
doz.bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts.. 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Parsnips .... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Teas . 
0 
10 
0 
0 
Capsicums. 
100 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes .... 
6 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots . 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Kidney.... 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
o 
0 
3 
0 
Radishes.... 
doz .bunches 
1 
0 
0 
6 
Celery. 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb .... 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Scorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots .... 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Girlie . 
ft. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach .... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs. 
bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. 
. ft. 
0 
2 
0 
6 
Leeks. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .... 
0 
6 
0 
0 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
THE HEREFORD BREED OF CATTLE. 
(Continued from page 237.) 
The farmers of Herefordshire delight in good cattle, and more 
particularly take pleasure in breeding and rearing the kind of 
animals which have derived their name from the county in which 
they originated. Their beef-raising system is their especial boast, 
and the estimation in which their fat bullocks are held by the 
butchers and consumers of first-class beef justifies the great 
interest taken by the graziers in selecting and feeding the choicest 
of animals. Farm after farm has played its part well, not only 
on the “ home fields ” of Hereford and Leominster and under the 
Norman fortress of Ludlow, but also in a wider sphere each 
December; formerly on the Smithfield stands and Baker Street 
Exhibition, but latterly at Islington Metropolitan Christmas 
Market and also at the Agricultural Hall, where the best of the 
best of every breed of horned and poled cattle meet each other in 
rivalry and contend for the coveted gold medal of the Smithfield 
Club. Formerly Herefords were not considered as well adapted 
for dairy purposes, but this arose chiefly from the grazier in the 
Hereford districts having neglected the female, and bestowed the 
whole of his attention to the male. This defect, however, may be 
remedied now gradually, owing to the premiums given at various 
societies, especially at the Dairy Stock Shows, which will probably 
induce breeders to emulate each other in rearing superior female 
stock. 
We again quote from Mr. T. Duckham in reply to Mr. J. C. 
Morton, who made inquiries as to the value of this breed for dairy 
purposes, and his own statement, together with others from his 
correspondents, will be found not only interesting, but calculated 
to show that they can be made profitable for the dairy as well as 
fit for beef only, and especially in districts distant from Hereford¬ 
shire. Mr. Duckham states :—“ The Hereford is peculiarly a 
flesh-producing animal, displaying great aptitude to fatten, and 
unsurpassed for early maturity. The soil of the county, the home 
of the breed, is not adapted for dairy purposes ; thus the general 
system of calf-rearing is to allow it to run with its dam during 
the summer months, weaning it when the cow is brought to the 
straw yard for the winter. In all well-cared-for herds the calf is 
never allowed to lose the flesh it has thus acquired, but during 
the winter months it is fed upon hay, roots, and a small allowance 
of linseed cake, after which, whether steer or heifer, it pays for 
fairly liberal treatment that it may go out to grass in the spring 
in fine condition. The steers so managed will at eighteen months 
old realise £1 per month on their age.” Now this very fairly 
represents the system adopted in their native county ; but it must 
not, as is frequently the case, be supposed that they are not suit¬ 
able animals for dairy purposes, as will be seen from the letter 
Mr. Duckham received from a correspondent, Mr. J. W. James, 
of Mappowder, Dorsetshire, and whose stock we have often seen. 
He says :—“ I do not know I can add much more than I wrote to 
you a few years ago respecting the Herefords ; only I still like 
them for dairy cows, and find them answer better than any other 
breed. They are more hardy than Shorthorns or Devons on this 
land, and give richer milk than Shorthorns. I let two dairies of 
eighty cows, forty in each dairy, find them in land and hay. The 
cows calve in January, February, and March. I like the calving 
to finish by the first week in March, as they are small when turned 
out on May 20th if taken up later. The calves are taken from 
their mothers at ten days old and given skim milk, and we always 
keep some good hay in the rack. When weaned I give them 
bruised oats, cracked beans, and a little oil cake. I give it them 
through May and June, and if we have plenty of grass the calves 
do not care about corn after that time. The first white frost they 
have hay, say about the latter part of October ; but I never give 
them any straw for bedding. We used to have them die from 
quarter-evil, now they eat their hay under cover, and when finished 
out they go under sheltered hedges and lie down. Under this 
treatment I have not lost one for some years. I generally rear 
about thirty a year, principally heifer calves. The Herefords 
fatten with me much better than any other breed. I generally 
turn out thirty in May, and sell them about Christmas. I find 
those I breed are better than what I can buy, even at Hereford. 
The steers are sold at three years and ten months old, but I keep 
the cows as long as I can ; they retain their age wonderfully. I 
have sold cows nearly twenty year old, and you would think 
them about ten. With regaid to butter and cheese made, it all 
depends on the season ; but I have made inquiries and should say 
a good season 6 lbs. of butter a week per cow and 1^ cwt. of 
cheese a year. I let the cows at so much per cow a year, but my 
agreement is they are not to be milked for ten weeks before they 
calve ; then the cow is strong, and so is the calf when born. When 
the calf is young the dairyman milks the cow, and leaves what he 
