October 26, 1882 . ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER . 387 
the total numbers of visitors to 30,760. A sum of £393 16s. had 
been obtained in subscriptions, which would make up the total 
receipts in connection with the Show to £1500 7s. The expenses, 
including the rent of the Waverley Market, Judges’ expenses, cost 
of musical band, &c., amounted to £551 7s. 10 d., which, added to 
£800 Is. 6d. that had already been paid in prizes, brought up the 
expenditure to £1351 9s. 4 d. A comparative statement was sub¬ 
mitted, showing that the total income of the International Show 
in 1875 was £1029, and that there was a loss on that occasion of 
£89 ; whereas this year, after paying all expenses, they expected 
that there would be a balance in favour of the Society of about 
£70. The probable surplus in the Society’s finances at the end of 
the year would be £350, which would make the total amount at 
the credit of the Society about £1000. The statement was ap¬ 
proved of, and a vote of thanks accorded to Mr. Fraser. The 
meeting then proceeded to vote various sums to exhibitors at the 
Show. A vote of thanks and an honorarium of 30 guineas were 
granted to Mr. Young, Assistant Secretary, whose exertions were 
stated to have contributed in no small degree to the success of the 
affair. Votes of thanks were also passed to the Lord Provost and 
Magistrates for opening the Show and otherwise countenancing it, 
and to Mr. Stewart, the Secretary, for his services. 
- A correspondent sends us the following notes ON 
Dahlias :—“ At the Uplands, near Liverpool, all the new varie¬ 
ties that appear are tried, and the gardens under Mr. W. Wood- 
field’s charge are brilliant with these fine autumn flowers. White 
Bedder is grand for bedding, the flowers being of the purest white, 
and in growth does not exceed 2 feet. Hender’s Double Floret, 
or Hose-in-hose Dahlia, is not a very striking variety. Its greatest 
defect, probably, is its yellowish green centre, which shows very 
prominently, and the lower florets are gone before the centre 
expands. D. Juarezii should be grown in every garden. It is 
rather shy-flowering, but its large scarlet blooms have a very 
striking appearance. Glare of the Garden, or Fire King, is a 
gem, and too much cannot be said in its favour, and when well 
known will undoubtedly be grown in every garden where Dahlias 
are appreciated. The formation of the flower is Cactus-like in 
appearance, and we might safely term it a miniature Juarezii, 
Its flowers are brilliant scarlet, and are produced in abundance ; 
in fact it is one of the most floriferous Dahlias I have yet seen, 
and for cutting purposes its flowers are unique. This variety 
massed in quantity in any suitable position would from its com¬ 
pact habit of growth and free disposition to flower produce a grand 
and imposing effect.” 
- The small double Pompon Dahlias are thus alluded 
to :—“ White Aster is charming, and its pure white flowers of a 
suitable size for cutting for church or other decoration command 
for it a foremost place. The following Pompons are also good, 
distinct, and useful for supplying cut flowers. Triomphe, orange 
scarlet; German Favourite, white ground tipped with carmine ; 
Pure Love, lilac ; Northern Light, red ; Osiris, lilac tipped with 
white; Little Nigger, deep maroon; Little Dear, and Nemesis, 
maroon crimson, and when tipped with white very beautiful. 
This marking does not appear constant, and it is only occasionally 
that properly coloured flowers are produced. However beautiful 
these forms are, they cannot be compared in my estimation with 
Glare of the Garden.” 
- Our correspondent next refers to single Dahlias :— 
“ Paragon is a lovely variety, but early in the season does not 
produce its flowers freely with that beautiful shade of purple 
round the edge of the petals. Towards the close of the season 
they are produced in large numbers, all displaying their true 
character. Some seedlings from the above variety Mr. Woodfield 
pointed out which were very effective, varying from orange 
scarlet, maroon, to nearly black ; while one plant differs only in 
having those rich purple stripes down the centre instead of round 
the edge of the petals as in its parent. All are of a similar habit 
of growth, and are as free-flowering. Avalanche is one of the 
single whites, and carries its flowers more erect than White Queen 
or Alba. Most of the named single forms were flowering freely, 
as well as many seedling plants, some of the seedling orange 
scarlets being gorgeous, having flowers of an enormous size. One 
seedling that flowered for the first time last year, which was noted 
in these pages, is very striking and distinct from any I have seen 
growing or exhibited. The ground of the flower is of a primrose 
colour, which forms a ring round the centre and again towards 
the outer portion of the petals, while the middle ring is heavily 
shaded with orange scarlet, the edge of the petals being lightly 
shaded with the same colour. Its habit of growth is similar to 
Paragon, and it is free-flowering. Where these plants are arranged 
in borders in rows this seedling and Paragon would associate well 
together planted alternately.” 
- A telegram to a daily contemporary has the following 
respecting the Wine-growers’ Congress in Saragossa 
“The Congress that has been sitting in Saragossa to discuss the 
best means of combating the phylloxera has been most interesting. 
Papers have been read which sho w that the insect has caused exten¬ 
sive ravages in the north of Portugal and the provinces of Estra- 
madura, Malaga, and Catalonia in Spain, despite the severe legislation 
which enforces the isolation of infested vineyards, the destruction of 
tainted plants, and other precautions. The opinion of the savants 
and wine-growers assembled in Saragossa was divided on the question 
of American wines and on the remedies for the phylloxera. During 
the Congress some curious statistics were read, which show the vast 
increase in the culture of Yines that produce the common red and 
white less fortified wine, on account of the increasing demand for 
these qualities in France, the north of Europe, South America, and 
even England. I find that France, since the phylloxera has ravaged 
half of her vineyards, has imported since 1877 from 87,000,000 to 
109,000,000 gallons of Spanish wines, chiefly for her own home con¬ 
sumption. Considering that she only exports to England a little 
over seven million gallons, and to the rest of Europe and America 
hardly three times that quantity, what becomes of the argument of 
Spanish diplomacy, that Spanish wines are mainly imported into 
France to be re-exported to England, owing to our alcoholic scale of 
duties ? In reality France like England now-a-days imports steadily 
increasing quantities of light, natural, and less alcoholised wines, red 
and white, and an annually decreasing quantity of heavier and highly 
alcoholised sherry and strong wines.” 
- A CORRESPONDENT of “ Vick’s Illustrated Magazine ” 
has the following respecting the White Partridge Berry 
(Mitchella alba), a North American plant allied to the 
Cinchonas. 
“ In one of my rambles in the Pine woods in our Canadian wilder¬ 
ness I found a wide plot of this charming evergreen plant, then 
covered with its white, wrnxen, double-eyed berries, which shone con¬ 
spicuously among its darkly-shaded foliage. The fruit and leaves 
were larger than those of the sister plant, Mitchella repens, the 
creeping Partridge Berry of the Indian squaws, with its brilliant red 
fruit and sweet starry blossoms. On turning to Dr. Asa Gray’s 
manual of the botany of the Northern United States I found no 
corresponding description of this, to me, new species. The only plant 
with the name Creeping Snowberry is Chiogenes hispidula, but this 
is not our White Partridge Berry. I am well acquainted with Gray’s 
plant, Creeping Snowberry, and very pretty it is, forming mats of 
tiny evergreen leaves and greenish-white flowers, succeeded by small, 
round, white berries. It is found in black peaty soil in Cedar swamps 
and boggy shady ground, running over decayed wood and wet mosses. 
I do not think the fruit of this pretty graceful little creeper is 
poisonous, but it is flavourless and insipid. It would make a pretty 
plant for hanging baskets or pots.” 
Some Uses of Willows. —An American travelling in England 
is struck by the frequent occurrence in the landscape of the pollard 
Willows, the low rounded heads of which in some localities mark the 
watercourses for long distances. Willows thus treated—for the 
pollard is not, as sometimes supposed, a distinct kind of Willow— 
may be occasionally seen in some of our older States, but less fre¬ 
quently than formerly. The White Willow excitement of some 
twenty years ago was unfortunate, as many farmers, finding that the 
tree did not bear out the extravagant claims of speculators, became 
so disgusted with it that they overlooked its real merits. While the 
White Willow hedge will not be, as claimed, “ the universal fence,” 
the White and other Willows may be made most useful, especially to 
those who live in prairie regions. The question frequently comes 
