416 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ November 2, 1882. 
and withered abortive seeds on the other. This is not always the case, but is 
undoubtedly so in by far the majority of fruits that we have examined, and it 
was so in the specimen you have sent. As a remedy we can only suggest that if 
the soil is sandy that the roots be placed in a heavier and more fertile medium, 
top-dressing with manure to keep them near the surface, and that the blossoms 
and embryo fruits be protected in the spring, both against excessive wet, which 
prevents the dispersion of the pollen, and against frosts and sleet that injure 
the cuticle of the young fruit. By adopting these methods with a tree on a wall 
that had the fruits seriously cracked, we have not since failed to have good 
crops of fine smooth Pears. 
Winding Rockery (J. T. TP.).—We are very willing to assist you in this 
matter, but it is not easy to do more than give you a general idea for carrying 
out work such as your employer desires to have done, and we cannot better do 
this than by submitting a plan that was prepared by Mr. Abbey some years ago. 
It is for a structure 100 feet 
long by 25 feet wide, and, 
therefore, much too large 
for your house, and you 
probably do noo require a 
fountain. This being so, if 
you take the upper half of 
the plan and reduce the 
sizes of the rockwork, adopt¬ 
ing such modifications in 
outline as will suggest them¬ 
selves as suitable, you will 
be able to carry out your 
project. The ground plan 
given is merely to point out 
to those who have not seen 
anything of the kind, or 
have not the eye to draw 
from certain given details 
any correct idea of the effect 
intended to be produced. 
a, Fountain— (i.e., jet quar¬ 
ter inch diameter, or less, 
according to the supply of 
water.) 5 , Well of water— 
that is, fed by filtration from 
the top of same, c, Water¬ 
fall, height of the same 
about 6 feet, one-inch-bore 
supply-pipe, or less, d, Cis¬ 
tern that receives the water 
from the waterfall c. e, 
Open drain formed of stones, 
with the joints cemented 
1 foot wide (stone ridge¬ 
coping stones are, with the 
6 " joints cemented, capital 
materials for the purpose). 
/, Cave, with stone seat. 
g g, Subterraneous passage. 
h, Dropping well, i, Walk, 
sunk here about 2 feet below 
its ordinary level, not mak¬ 
ing any steps, but allowing 
the flagstones to slope irre¬ 
gularly. k, Ditto to about 
3 feet. I, Ditto to about 
4 feet, m m, Steps leading 
to n, where there may be 
placed a rustic iron chair. 
The most attractive view of 
the house when completed 
will be from this point, n, 
Place for seat and platform 
from which to view the 
house, o, Doorway 5 feet 
wide, p, Drain that con¬ 
veys the waste water, q, 
Water-pipe that supplies 
the ab ch. r, Point of en¬ 
trance of the hot-water pipe. 
The figures 1 . 2 , 3 , (fee., show 
the height of the rockwork 
in feet where the figure is 
fixed, that height being 
reckoned from the path, 
whether the same be level 
or sunk. The material 
throughout should consist 
of massive fragments of free¬ 
stone rock that have been 
exposed to the weather for 
a considerable length of 
time. Old shaded stones are 
Fig. 70 . frequently covered with 
Mosses when they £ire 
brought from the woods, and on some are seedling Ferns, Moss, and Lichens 
that impart an appearance of age to rockwork. Wood rots, and the stones that 
are above or on it fall, and the work has to be done over again at a time when 
the plants are about their best. Fix every stone firm, and lay them so as to 
leave some good-sized openings for soil (some large and some small), laying 
them in such a position as to be examined in case of an accident, and so go on 
until the whole of the rockwork is completed. 
Names of Fruits (S. G. S.). — 1 , Passe Colmar ; 2 , Bergamotte Destryker ; 
6, Flemish Beauty. We do not recognise the others. They are perhaps local 
varieties, and one was quite rotten. {H. J/.).—We have examined the specimens 
carefully, but all we can say is that 22 is not Nonsuch, 44 not Gloria Mundi, and 
that 57 is Hollandbury. The others we do not recognise. They are probably 
local varieties, of which there are so many in your district. (H. Knowles).— The 
cider Apple of which you have sent specimens in all probability never had a 
name, and if you have supplied us with a fair sample of the fruit it is certainly 
not worthy of one. 
Names of Plants ( H. K .).—Miltonia Clowesi. (A. B .).—Cassia corymbose, 
see reply above. (J. IF.).— 1 , Sedum spectabile, a Japanese species much used in 
the London parks and in gardens generally ; 2 , Polygonum vacciniifolium, a 
pretty dwarf species, very suitable for culture in pots or trailing over a rockery. 
(J. H.).— 1 , Quercus Phellos latifolia ; 2 , Quercus cerris ; 3 , Antennaria tomen- 
tosa; 4 , Justicia speciosa. 
COWENT GARDEN MARKET.— NOVEMBER 1 ST. 
The supplies and character of the trade generally remain [substantially the 
same as last week. 
FRUIT. 
Apples. J sieve 
Apricots. doz. 
Cherries. j sieve 
Chestnuts. bushel 
Currants, Black.. i sieve 
„ Red.... j sieve 
Figs. dozen 
Filberts. lb. 
Cobs. 1001 b. 
Gooseberries .... 4 sieve 
Grapes . lb. 
Artichokes. dozen 
Asparagus. bundle 
Beans,Kidney.... 100 
Beet,Red. dozen 
Broccoli. bundle 
Brussels Sprouts.. J sieve 
Cabbage. dozen 
Capsicums. 100 
Carrots . bunch 
Cauiiflowers. dozen 
Celery. bundle 
Coleworts_doz. bunches 
Cucumbers. each 
Endive. dozen 
Fennel. bunch 
Garlic . lb. 
Herbs . bunch 
Leeks. bunch 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
2 
0 to 7 
0 
Lemons. 
case 20 
0 to 30 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons . 
each 
2 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges . 
100 
6 
0 
10 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
dessert . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, English ft. 
8 
0 
5 
0 
0 
0 
45 
0 
Raspberries. 
ft. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries .... 
Ik. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
8 
e 
VEGETABLES. 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
9 . 
d. 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Lettuces ... 
i 
otol 
6 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Mushrooms 
i 
0 
i 
6 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Mustard* Oress ..punnet 
0 
2 
0 
8 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Onions. 
0 
6 
0 
0 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Parsley. 
doz.bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Parsnips .... 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Peas . 
0 10 
0 
0 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes .... 
6 
0 
7 
0 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Kidney.... 
6 
0 
8 
0 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Radishes.... 
doz. hunches 
1 
0 
0 
fi 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb .... 
0 
4 
0 
6 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
6 
Scorzonera 
1 
6 
0 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Seakale .... 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots .... 
0 
8 
0 
4 
0 
6 
0 
0 
Spinach .... 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Tomatoes .. 
. ft. 
0 
3 
0 
6 
0 
3 
0 
4 
Turnips .... 
... bunch 
0 
2 
0 
4 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
NEGLECTED PASTURES AND WASTE LANDS. 
On former occasions we have alluded to subjects very nearly 
connected with our present one, but [more especially we may refer 
the home farmer to our article on farming permanent pastures on 
February 5th, 1880, in this Journal, and again^another article on 
the improvement and manuring of pastures on March 3rd, 1881. 
We wish, however, now to deal with neglected pastures, and also 
where farms have fallen into the hands of owners in consequence 
of the failure of tenants during the agricultural depression. It is 
especially desired to illustrate what has been done under such 
adverse circumstances in improving waste lands without the ex¬ 
penses being incurred of fallowing and cleaning. 
Numerous entailed estates have been charged with heavy 
encumbrances by the “ dead hand,” the present or reputed 
owners have then unfortunately little or no means (in conse¬ 
quence of the reduction in the rentals and value of lands) to 
enable the home farmer or estate agent to adopt what has been 
frequently advocated by scientific as well as practical writers as 
being the best method of laying down arable land for pasture. 
Then arises a very serious question, at a very serious crisis, for 
“ necessity knows no law,” What is to be done with land left in a 
state of comparative waste by the previous impoverished occu¬ 
piers ? it being also in many cases extremely foul with couch and 
poor for want of manure. Under any circumstances, however, 
the question cannot be replied to off-hand, simply because we 
must ask other questions before the first can be answered. Is 
the land suitable for pasture ? or is it better adapted for cereal 
culture, although suitable for pasture ? If the latter, and it 
occurs that a farm comes to hand for the home farmer to manage, 
or for the agent to let, although the land may be foul and gene- 
