448 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. t November i 6) issa. 
but in reality we have no “permanent” Asparagus, as a number 
of young plants are raised from seed annually, and all follow in 
rotation for forcing. When the roots have been thinned out to 
6 feet apart they are left there for a year or two, and then they 
are used for forcing too, as in my opinion the only way to keep 
up a supply of good Asparagus for all purposes is to have abun¬ 
dance of robust young roots coming forward in a rich and suitable 
soil.—J. Muik, Mar gam. 
BUCKLAND SWEETWATER AND GOLDEN QUEEN 
GRAPES. 
Ik reply to “ W. L. H.’s” remarks on page 430, my object in 
saying that Buckland Sweetwater realises a higher price in the 
market than Foster’s Seedling was to show that it is in greater de¬ 
mand, and on that ground, looking at it in a commercial point of 
view, it must be considered a better Grape than Foster’s Seedling; 
but tastes differ, for what suits one palate does not suit another. I 
may add that I have to grow Grapes for a gentleman’s table, and 
Foster’s Seedling and Buckland Sweetwater are grown side by side 
under exactly the same conditions, but the latter is in greater de¬ 
mand than the former. I have not a word to say against Foster’s 
Seedling; on the contrary I am of opinion that no collection should 
be without it. I can bear out all your correspondent “ H. M.” says 
respecting Buckland Sweetwater as an exhibition Grape. I have 
known this variety take first honours at horticultural exhibit! ms, 
where competent judges have been employed. The Vine with me 
grows freely, is very prolific, and the berries sot as freely as those 
of the Black Hamburgh, the berries being large, even, and of a 
beautiful amber colour. I consider it indispensable in the early 
vinery. 
In reference to Golden Queen, I did not intend to infer that it 
was an early Grape. It has not been very favourably spoken of. 
I have heard it does not succeed in all situations, but I find it a free 
grower and bearer and good setter; bunches not extra large, but 
symmetrically shaped ; berries oval, medium-sized, and of a beau¬ 
tiful amber colour ; quality fairly good. It ripens well in a late 
house with Lady Downe’s and Alicante.—G. R. A. 
HEATING GREENHOUSES—RIPPINGILLE'S STOVES. 
The present dull, wet, and foggy weather reminds me that the 
heating arrangements of all glass structures should be at once 
put in proper working order, as too often frost takes us by sur¬ 
prise. These remarks are not intended for practical gardeners, 
but all who have a greenhouse filled with plants I would advise 
to employ a little fire heat to dry such houses once or twice a 
week, even if it is not frosty weather. It should be borne in 
mind that more damage is done to plants by ill-ventilated 
houses than by frost. Ventilate in the daytime on all favourable 
occasions, and avoid as much as possible fire heat at night. 
Amateurs and others who have a greenhouse and no heating 
apparatus are often at a loss to know how to utilise the house 
through the winter months, but for such there is a remedy by 
using one or two of Rippingille’s stoves, which burn petroleum. 
They can be placed on the paths as near the front of the house as 
possible. As this is the coldest part, they will not injure the most 
delicate Fern if properly managed and if plants are not in direct 
contact with them. These stoves are managed in the same way 
as ordinary lamps. Properly trimmed and filled they will burn 
from eight to twelve hours according to size. During the late 
severe winters I used them where we had any doubts of the 
ordinary means of heating being insufficient. They were managed 
in this way : At 10 P.M., if it appeared likely there would be frost 
after midnight, the stoves were lighted as a precaution. It often 
happens that when the most heat is required there is not sufficient 
—that is, say, five and six o’clock in the morning; at that time 
the heat generally is on the decline. In such cases the stoves in 
question will be found invaluable for temporary heating. 
The price of petroleum, as a rule, is about li. per gallon. Two 
or three years ago I made some trials with these stoves so as to 
learn the cost per night for oil, and if my memory serves me the 
cost was about 3 cl. per night of, say, eight or nine hours. The sim¬ 
plicity of these stoves will, I think, recommend them ; indeed, I 
know some ladies who manage these little matters themselves, 
and find pleasure in the occupation.—A. O. W. 
American Apples.— It is noticeable that the export shipments of 
Apples from New York have been larger of late than from Boston, 
which is the reverse of what they have been in former seasons. The 
total export shipments for the week ending October 21st were from 
New York 15,033 barrels against 10,949 from Boston. There had 
been previously shipped from New York 35,610 barrels, so that 
the total export for the season would be 51,248 barrels; from 
Boston there had been exported this season before last week 
24,613 barrels, so that the total exports thus far this season have 
been 35,562 barrels. The total exports of Apples from Boston 
and New York this season have been 86,811 barrels. A cable dis¬ 
patch from Liverpool recently announces the sale of 4000 barrels of 
American Apples at prices as follows :—Kings, 22s. to 25s. per barrel; 
Baldwins, 17s. to 20s.; Northern Spy, 15s. to 20s.; Roxbury Russets, 
16s. to 18s.; Greenings, 14s. to 16s. Up to the present time the 
European market for American Apples has been mainly confined to 
Great Britain, but if the opinion of our Minister to Sweden, Mr. J. L. 
Stevens, is correct, there seems to be an opening for them in northern 
Europe, where no good Apples can be grown, as is the case in Den¬ 
mark, Sweden, and Norway. The few that find their way to these 
countries are mostly from France, and are to be found only in the 
larger cities, where they are sold for an average of 6 cents each. Mr. 
Stevens thinks that the keeping qualities of some American Apples, 
and their adaptation for transportation, as well as the fact that they 
are of better flavour than any now found there, make them admirably 
adapted for the markets of northern Europe. The journey is longer 
than to England, bnt the prospective price is greater .—(American 
Cultivator.) 
PLANTING ROSES—SPRING v. AUTUMN. 
In reference to this question, raised by “ D., Deal," I much 
prefer the autumn for planting Roses and most trees and shrubs. 
Roses may be taken up and planted any time from the middle of 
October until the end of November (weather permitting), and 
these will give much better flowers the following season than those 
planted in March : at least that has been the case here in dry soil. 
In reference to root-action, I may say in the autumn of 1879 snow 
and frost came on before I had finished planting Roses, therefore 
the remaining plants had to be laid in until early in February; 
but although the plants were laid in during a snowstorm, which 
tended to make the ground very cold, and were frozen in all the 
winter, when taken up at the above date they had made roots 
from 1 to 2 inches in length. The Roses in question were dwarfs 
on seedling Briars. I do not know if Manettis would have made 
roots similarly when the soil was frozen at the surface, but this 
instance quite clears up the point about Roses making roots in 
cold soil. If those Roses had been in their proper place the risk 
of breaking off many of the very tender rootlets would have been 
avoided. The plants planted in autumn were much stronger than 
those planted in spring, all being on the same piece of ground. 
Another advantage in autumn planting is that the supply of 
srp is checked, and they are, therefore, much hardier to withstand 
tl e frost than free-growing robust plants that hare received no 
check. I have noted this for many years, more particularly in 
1866. Early in the autumn of that year I planted a considerable 
number of standard E.oses amongst others in free growth— i.e., 
having taken out all the weak plants from the beds and filled in 
with the new. A severe winter followed, and the result was that 
three-fourths of the plants not moved were killed outright or died 
during the following summer, whereas the fresh-planted Roses 
were in most cases quite safe. But it must be remembered there 
are exceptions to all rules, and it would be better to plant in 
spring than to plant into very heavy wet soil in the autumn, 
planting them as early as possible in the spring as soon as the 
ground is in good condition ; thus, as in all cases, practice must 
vary according to circumstances. 
In reference to Teas, I would prefer to plant them in autumn 
if on the seedling Briar ; if on their own roots out of pots in May. 
Plants in general suffer much from March winds when they are 
planted in spring, and if very dry even require water. Mr. Prince’s 
Teas were very fine, but if Mr. Prince was asked the question I have 
no doubt but he would prefer planting in the autumn and giving 
slight protection ; but, as I said before, practice must vary accord¬ 
ing to circumstances. I should much like to hear what other 
rosarians have to say on the matter.—J. Brown, Great Doods, 
Reigate. _ 
I am surprised to learn from your correspondent, “ D., Deal," 
on page 402 of the Journal, that the “ weight of evidence” tends 
towards spring planting as against autumn planting of Rose trees. 
I prefer the autumn for planting. But there is autumn and 
autumn. September, October, and November represent autumn, 
therefore when we talk about autumn-planting we take the mean, 
which means October. Surely the earth is warm then. It is not 
fair, 1 think, to condemn autumn planting because this year it 
seems to be an impossibility. Surely in ordinary seasons the last 
week in October and the first in November are the best weeks 
for planting. Moreover, if the weather is wet and cold and the 
winter severe the soil will be colder in February than it is to¬ 
day (4th November) ; moreover, I distinctly assert from actual 
