July 1, 1880. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
1 
JULY 
1—7. 
The following Hoi'ticultural Shows will be held during the 
i 
Tn 
Shrewsbury (Roses) ; Richmond ; Canterbury (Roses) ; Tiverton, 
Tunbridge Wells. [Brentwood, and Higligate. 
2 
F 
3 
S 
National Rose Show, Crystal Palace ; Southgate. 
4 
SUN 
6th Sunday after Trinity. 
5 
M 
6 
TU 
Oxford (Roses) ; Maidstone (Roses) ; Boston. [bledon. 
7 
AV 
Fareham and South Hants; Hereford (Roses); Beverley; AVim- 
TO OUR READERS. 
The present number is the commencement of an enlarged 
series of this Journal. Upwards of thirty years ago the Cottage 
Gardener was first published, and received a welcome such as 
its promoters scarcely anticipated. Designed to popularise hor¬ 
ticulture, to impart practical instruction to amateurs, to render 
gardens more profitable, and other adjuncts of home more enjoy¬ 
able, it fulfilled its purpose in a remarkable manner. The advance 
that ensued in the culture of plants, fruit, and vegetables led to 
a demand for literature of a higher class ; this was in due time 
provided, on the principle that as our patrons had contributed 
to the prosperity of their favourite periodical they should also 
share in its advantages : consequently our pages were considerably 
enlarged. 
Nearly twenty years have elapsed since then, and during 
that period the Journal of Horticulture has attained a healthy 
progressive growth, has found its way into many thousands 
of homes in our own land, has spread into every important 
colony of the British Crown and every nation where horticulture 
is practised and cherished. Recognising this fact, we feel that 
the time has arrived when our great and almost world-wide con¬ 
stituency should further benefit by that which they have aided 
to establish, and hence without enhancing the price we again 
enlarge and improve these pages. As in the past so in the future, 
we shall not give prominence to subjects essentially speculative 
and sensational, but shall rather seek to impart information that 
will be serviceable ; and if we can render gardens still more 
satisfactory to their owners and improve the condition of gar¬ 
deners old and young we shall be content—our labour will not be 
fruitless. 
Our desire is to see horticulture and all who are engaged in 
it prosper, and with the continued assistance of our many friends 
and able coadjutors we hope to have a large share in effecting 
this object. Believing that what we are justified in describing 
as a high-class paper, issued at a price within the reach of all 
who really cherish their gardens, will contribute to the result 
indicated, we submit the Journal in its present form, in full con¬ 
fidence of securing public approval. 
CROSS-FERTILISING AND RAISING ROSES 
FROM SEED IN ENGLAND. 
R- ELLWANGER, of the firm of Ellwanger and 
Barry, Rochester, N.Y., who is doing much to 
elucidate the origin of American and English 
Roses, having requested information respect¬ 
ing the varieties raised by me, I have been 
induced to look up what I have effected in 
that direction ; and as Mr. Bennett’s recent suc¬ 
cess in crossbreeding the Rose has created con¬ 
siderable interest in the subject, perhaps even the 
record of unprofitable work may be of advantage to 
those who propose entering on the same field. By w r ay of 
preamble, therefore, my advice to all who desire to do so, is 
not to carry on their operations without the aid of glass wher¬ 
ever such means are available, for two of the great secrets of 
success in obtaining Rose seed are ripe wood and a dry atmo¬ 
sphere, conditions not always attainable in England without 
the aid of glass and artificial heat, and undoubtedly much of 
my labour was thrown away for want of proper protection 
against the vicissitudes of our climate, and many valuable 
acquisitions may consequently have been lost ; for as the 
majority of the best Roses are very double and really 
botanical monstrosities, this abnormal fulness of petals 
tends towards decay of the generating organs by retaining 
surplus moisture. 
My first attempt at crossbreeding the Rose was in 1857, 
when, inter alia, I fertilised H.P. General Jacqueminot with 
the old white Damask Maiden’s Blush. From this cross I 
obtained a very pretty light carmine variety, remarkably 
sweet and of good form, but not sufficiently large for a show 
Rose. I gave the stock some years afterwards to Mr. Ward 
of Ipswich, who had been working in the same direction, but 
I do not think he found it good enough to send out. From 
this start, however, I derived sufficient encouragement to in¬ 
duce me to proceed, and in the seven years from 1858 to 
1864 I fertilised, marked, and recorded nearly live hundred 
blooms, crossing, recrossing, and intercrossing most of the 
best H.P.’s, Teas, Bourbons, and summer striped Roses of 
the period ; and amongst the more remarkable of the results 
I obtained a vigorous-growing, semi-double, satiny-pink 
flowered seedling from T.N. Gloire de Dijon x H.P. Souvenir 
de Comte Cavour (a bright red Rose), the offspring being a 
good seed-bearer, the flower almost scentless, and the plant 
in most respects partaking more of the Hybrid Perpetual 
than of the Tea character, the foliage and growth showing 
but little of the latter type. From naturally fertilised flowers 
of this Rose I have raised seedlings showing more of the Tea 
blood than their parent, some coming single white and ap¬ 
parently pure Teas, others dark red and very double H.P.’s. 
By crossing Bourbon Louise Odier x striped Provence old 
Tricolor, the offspring was a summer Rose with the spring 
foliage distinctly striped Avith yellow, the variegation, Iioav- 
ever, invariably disappearing in the summer as the foliage 
matured. The flower Avas pale pink Avithout any appearance 
of variegation. Many of the blooms fertilised Avere abortive, 
and either never set at all or produced heps without seeds, 
and, as is usually the case, numbers of the seedlings suc¬ 
cumbed to weakness of constitution. Not a single Rose, how¬ 
ever, of any commercial value or good enough to be sent out 
came from these attempts. In 1865, hoAvever, I determined 
to make more extended efforts in crossing the Rose, and as a 
further inducement and encouragement for me to proceed, the 
York Horticultural Society offered annually a prize for the 
best English-raised white Hybrid Perpetual Rose. Accord¬ 
ingly in that year I fertilised, marked, and recorded upwards 
of four hundred blooms, chiefly H.P.’s and Teas, and in 1866, 
1867, and 1868 upAvards of one hundred more. From amongst 
the varieties crossed in 1865 I obtained a hep containing seven 
seeds by fertilising H.P. Madame Yidot x Virginal. One 
seed only Amgetated, and this produced H.P. Princess Louise, 
a good hardy, creamy-Avhite garden Rose, sometimes tinted 
pink (sent out by Messrs. Paul & Son). This, however, failed 
to satisfy the requirements of the schedule of the York Horti¬ 
cultural Society as a white Rose. There is a likeness in this 
Rose to Mabel Morrison, a bud sport with Avhite floAver from 
Baroness Rothschild. By crossing H.P. Louise Peyronny x 
Victor Verdier I aimed at getting a flower of the largest size, 
No. 1.— YoL. I., Third Series. 
No. 1657.—Von, LXIV., Old Series. 
