July 15, 1880. ] 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
59 
the breed much after seeing such fine animals of the other breeds. 
Herefords.—Although prizes were offered there were no entries. 
There are few herds of this breed of cattle to be found in the 
southern counties. There were prizes offered in six classes for 
bulls, cows, and heifers of this ancient and beautiful breed of 
cattle, which from time immemorial had been the exclusive breed 
of the south-western counties, but during the past twenty years 
the Shorthorns have displaced a great number of herds in their 
native counties. There were no more than three entries in either 
of the six classes, and the first prize was awarded in five classes 
to one exhibitor, Mr. W. R. Fryer of Lychett Minster, Poole, 
Dorset, which is a very remarkable success for his stock, because 
there were other herds well represented which possessed high 
quality and breeding. One prize, however, was taken for the bull 
of any age by Mr. John Walter, M.P., Wokingham. This was a 
large and well-bred animal for the breed, but they are now for 
the most part kept, like the South Down sheep, by farmers who 
have a fancy for them, and it is well that it should be so, for both 
are useful for crossing with other stock for improving their quality. 
Sussex Cattle.—There was a good show of this breed, which has 
been improved very much within the past five years, and is now 
an excellent breed for producing animals when early maturity is 
required. They are also sought after for producing working 
animals. In some counties this plan of working oxen still pre¬ 
vails in spite of the advantages of steam culture. Classes 48 and 
49, for bulls, two and six entries respectively. We noticed the 
first-prize bull, under three years old, belonging to Mr. J. S. 
Hodgson, Haslemere, Surrey, as being a grand animal of full 
pedigree. Class 50, six entries, for bulls not exceeding one year 
old. This was a capital show of bull calves, the first prize being 
awarded to Mr. J. A. Vickross of Hill, Sussex ; the second prize 
being given to Messrs. Heasman of Worthing, who are celebrated 
as breeders of this kind of stock. Classes 51, 52, 53, and 54, for the 
best Sussex cow, heifer, and calf respectively. These classes were 
well contested, there being three entries of four animals and one 
of five. This speaks well for the Sussex stock, showing that they 
are increasing in numbers for certain purposes, but not as dairy 
stock. In three out of the four classes Messrs. Heasman take the 
first prize. We are particular in giving the names and addresses 
of the prizewinners, in order that the home farmer may know 
where to obtain the best of any of the stock exhibited. Channel 
Islands cattle.—The exhibits under this heading were the great 
and most attractive feature of the Show—at least as regards 
the amateur and butter-making dairy stock. Class 55, for the 
best Jersey or Alderney bull of any age, eight entries. First prize 
to Mrs. Malcolm, Lyndhurst, Hants. This animal was bred by 
Mr. C. Dixon, Southampton. The whole class was commended, 
Mr. Simpson taking the second prize. The class as a whole was 
the best of its kind we have ever seen, the colour of the animals 
being generally silver-grey. Classes 56 and 57 had five and eight 
entries respectively. First prizes were given to Lieut.-Col. Portal 
of Micheldever and Mr. George Simpson of Ryegate ; Mr. John 
Cardus of West End, Southampton, taking a second prize in one 
case and a commendation in the other. The animals in these classes 
were very choice in breed, condition, and colour, and as a whole 
were better in outline and symmetry than we have previously 
noticed. Upon the general qualities of this breed it may be said 
they are becoming more fashionable and are kept in increasing 
numbers. For the best Jersey or Alderney cow in milk, fourteen 
entries. This was a beautiful show of first-class animals as dairy 
stock, as well as excellent specimens of the breed. First and 
second prizes were given to Mr. J. Knight of Farnham, Surrey, 
and Mr. George Simpson respectively, Mr. John Cardus taking 
the reserved number and a high commendation ; in fact, these 
four cows were so near alike in outline and quality that without 
seeing them out of their pens it would be difficult to criticise the 
awards. Class 59, for the best Jersey or Alderney heifer under 
three years of age, fourteen entries. First prize was taken by 
Mr. G. Simpson, who was again to the fore with a rare heifer and 
excellent specimen of his choice collection and herd ; Mr. G. A. 
Fuller of Dorking, Surrey, being second with a promising heifer 
of beautiful colour and quality. Her Majesty the Queen exhibited 
two very nice heifers from the Isle of Wight in this class, but they 
failed to attract the attention of the Judges so as to be awarded 
any commendation ; it cannot, however, be considered any dis¬ 
credit in such a splendid array of heifers as this class brought 
together. For the best Jersey heifer under two years old, seven¬ 
teen entries. This we thought the most interesting and beautiful 
display of young animals in the whole Show ; the first prize being 
taken by Mr. J. Cardus of Town Hill, Southampton, places him 
in a high position, for in this class the stock of all the best breeders 
was exhibited; Mr. G. Simpson taking the second prize, Her 
Majesty again exhibiting a choice heifer both in form and quality. 
A large number of commendations were given in this class. 
Class Gl, for the best Jersey heifer not exceeding twelve months 
old, fifteen entries. The first prize was won by Mr. H. J. Cornish, 
Sherborne, Dorset; second Mr. G. Simpson ; Mr. J. Cardus taking 
the reserved number and a high commendation. This is the class 
of promise for the future. Her Majesty the Queen, again con¬ 
tending in this class, was unsuccessful, for it is indeed a task and 
a study for any person however experienced and at whatever cost 
to insure success in such a splendid exhibition as the Jersey and 
Alderney stock afforded at the Royal Counties Show, 1880, 
(To be continued.) 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
1Torse Labour .—Ploughing the land and sowing the main crop of 
common Turnips will be continued at every interval when the horses 
are not required at work connected with the hay harvest in most of 
the districts of England, except in the northern counties, where 
sowing Turnips at the late period is not often attempted. As the 
roots will not grow up to so late a period as in the south and eastern 
part of the kingdom much land is being laid into permanent grass, 
especially on the strongest and flattest land, in nearly every part of 
the kingdom, and as the middle of August is the best time for sowing 
the seeds the land ought now to be nearly ready. Where many 
weeds prevail the land may now be ploughed and pressed, and worked 
down quite fine ready to receive the seed, and left ring-rolled in order 
that such small seeds as that of grass may not be buried too deeply 
in the earth, and instead of the old-fashioned brush harrow we have 
now the chain harrow lately improved by Howards of Bedford. The 
grass seeds, however, should be sown in separate lots, the heavy and 
light seeds, for these seeds will not mix properly, and in consequence 
cannot be sown so regularly either by hand or by Bennett’s machine. 
For varieties of seed adapted to the various soils we must refer the 
home farmer to our article upon the subject in this Journal (page 
105, vol. xxxviii.). 
Stacking parkland and pasture hay must be continued at every 
opportunity, and if hay is taken to the stack rather hastily it is well 
to keep a long probing iron in the stack which may be withdrawn 
once or twice a day, and if the iron is too hot to bear holding by the 
hand it may then be pronounced to be in some danger of injury by 
overheating. As, however, the probing iron should have a barb or 
arrow head at the end a piece of hay may be pulled out from any 
part of the rick, showing the condition and colour of the hay, and 
enabling the home farmer to decide the point of overheating. If 
such should be the case the rick may be cut at the side and lay open 
for a day or two and straw filled in ; this will generally prevent any 
excessive heat and damage, sometimes resulting in taking fire. We 
have sometimes adopted the plan of using a sack stuffed full and 
firm with straw, and in the act of building the rick the sack is lifted 
as the rick rises in making, and in this way a sort of chimney is made 
in the centre of the stack for the escape of any undue heat. Another 
plan we have adopted is turning the rick and making it again ; but 
this will require watching as to the proper time of doing, because if 
we exceed five or six days from the time the rick was first erected 
the hay on the removal will not heat sufficiently the second time, or 
settle down close enough to prevent its turning mouldy. When, 
however, it is done at a suitable time we have on various occasions 
obtained some exceedingly choice and valuable Clover hay, especially 
adapted for lambs when feeding on roots. 
Hand Labour .—Men will now be employed in hoeing and singling 
the root crops, and it is of much more consequence to save and leave 
the best and strongest plants than to thin them out with exact regu¬ 
larity as to distance apart. It is also of importance to leave the 
plants closer in the rows when late sown, for there is not the pro¬ 
bability of making large bulbs like the early-sown. In fact, it is now 
more the practice than formerly to leave a greater number of plants 
to the rod, because it is considered that bulbs of moderate size are 
more nutritious than those of large dimensions. In thinning Carrots 
it will be remembered that we have advocated hoeing to keep the 
land clean between the lines, and that we object to thinning at the 
early stage or growth of the plants, as they are so liable to be eaten 
by the grubs ; we have, therefore, left them until the roots become 
about the size of the finger, and then pull by hand the surplus roots, 
and carry them away for cattle-feeding. A tenant of ours has this 
year sown mixed seed, White Belgian and the Early Horn Red Carrot, 
so that in hand-thinning the Red Horn Carrots may be pulled and 
bunched for the vegetable markets instead of being given to the 
cattle, and this is a very suggestive practice. These Carrots being 
short in the root pull readily, and being bigger on the crown are 
easily seen at the time of pulling ; they also open and leave the 
ground loose, enabling the large White Belgian Carrots left for the 
main crop to swell readily and become a weighty crop. 
We must ask the home farmer now to consider the question .of 
buying sheep stock, as the early fairs for the sale of the Hampshire 
Down breed will be now taking place, the first from this time being 
Overton, Alresford, Hants, and Britford in Wiltshire, at which fairs 
as well as various others which occur about this time, nearly all the 
best flocks are sold, especially of ewes intended for producing early 
lambs for the Easter markets. On many farms, particularly in the 
hill districts, water for the cattle and all purposes has been very 
scarce. It is often found, even where there are ponds for preserving 
