August 12, 1880. ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 133 
Regent, Fillingham’s Tantarara. In 1822 the following were 
added to the list:—Eckersley’s Jolly Dragoon, and Nicholson’s 
Bang Europe. In 1826 Collier’s Princess Royal, and Nicholson’s 
Gold Lace. In 1833 Buck’s George IV., Clegg’s Lord Crewe, Sir 
Sidney Smith, Yond’s Independence, Maud’s Beauty of England, 
Bullock’s Lancer, and Faulkner’s Black Prince was in existence. 
In 1840 Hutton’s Lord Lincoln, and Barrow’s Duchess of Suther¬ 
land. In 1844 Nicholson’s King, Gibbon’s Royal Sovereign, Clegg’s 
Lord John Russell, Barrow’s Duchess of Sutherland, Saunder’s Che¬ 
shire Favourite, Hutton’s Lord Ranclilfe, and Barnard’s Formosa, 
In 1846 Hall’s Premier Peel, not distinct from Lord John Russell. 
The following were known in 1852 :—Buck’s George IV., Bullock’s 
Lancer, Cox’s Regent, Hutton’s Lord Rancliffe alias Prince of 
Orange and Golden Hero, Tillingham’s Tantarara, Nicholson’s 
Gold Lace, Nicholson’s King, Pearson’s Alexander, Stead’s Tele¬ 
graph, Brown’s Free Bloomer, Clegg’s Lord Crewe alias George 
Canning, Collier’s Princess Royal, Saunders’ Cheshire Favourite, 
Crownshaw’s Eclipse, Crownshaw’s Invincible, Crovvnshaw’s 
Exile, Hutton’s Earl Grey alias Lord John Russell, Maud’s 
Beauty of England, Nicholson’s Bang Europe, Hutton’s Earl 
Lincoln, and Addis’ Kingfisher.— John Slater. 
THE POTATO CROP IN THE WEST OF IRELAND. 
The early varieties here have produced abundant crops and of 
good quality. The later varieties, such as the Scotch Champion 
and Magnum Bonum, appear better than has been seen in this 
locality for years. All the late crops that I have seen are free 
from disease at present. 
The early varieties have suffered a little for the past two weeks, 
but as yet it is not extensive. I have this season watched the 
progress of the Potato, and have been careful to note the first 
symptoms of disease that appeared among those under my care. 
On the 16th of July I observed on the lower leaves of the Early 
Rose a number of spots resembling mildew; on the 19 th it had 
spread considerably, still retaining the same appearance. A few 
days later the leaves became shrivelled, and the disease had 
extended down the stem to the ground level. Then I had the 
crop lifted, and as yet there is not one tuber diseased. The above 
were growing side by side with Magnum Bonum, which has not a 
speck on them.—A. Campbell, Ashford Gardens. 
GREENHOUSE ROSES. 
ROSES are always acceptable, but the great charm of Roses 
under glass is that of affording flowers preceding those in the open 
ground. For producing grand blooms plants in beds are better 
than those in pots. The border may be 3 feet wide, 2^ feet deep, 
with a drain pipe its full length, and having a proper fall and 
outlet. At the bottom 9 inches of rubble may be placed, and over 
that a layer of turves grass side downwards, the remaining space 
being filled with turfy loam to which has been added a twentieth 
part in equal proportions of charcoal and half-inch bones. This 
will suit every kind of plant except those requiring peat. The 
plants should be turned out, and if worked they should be planted 
so low that the junction of stock and scion will be 2 to 3 inches 
beneath the surface. If there is not convenience for forming a 
border inside, the plants may be placed outside and the growths 
introduced through holes in the front, ends, or sides of the house. 
The after-treatment consists in supplying water liberally, and 
liquid manure occasionally or a little guano may be sprinkled 
on the surface of the soil and washed in. The growth should be 
encouraged by mulching the surface of the border with short 
manure. In winter the border must not be allowed to become 
excessively dry, as some varieties will afford blooms in winter. 
Syringing is unnecessary. Very little pruning is necessary, only 
superfluous shoots must be removed, encouraging strong shoots from 
the base to take the place of old enfeebled growth, which should 
be well thinned out after the principal spring bloom is past. The 
secret of Rose-growing under glass is plenty of light. Roses do 
not succeed when shaded by other plants, and those trained to the 
sides, ends, or roof should not be more distant from the glass than 
12 to 15 inches. 
Only the best Roses should be grown under glass, and none is 
more worthy than Gloire de Dijon, which produces blooms nearly 
all the year round. Mareehal Niel is fine among the yellows ; 
buds, half-blown or full flowers, are beautiful. Cheshunt Hybrid 
is the third indispensable Rose for roof-covering, giving its cherry 
carmine flowers profusely in spring; and Climbing Devoniensis 
with its lovely creamy white flowers is very suitable. The purest 
white is Innocente Pirola, in the way of Niphetos. Perle des 
Jardins, straw-coloured, is one of the finest of Tea Roses ; Belle 
Lyonnaise, canary yellow ; and Paul Nabonnand, rose, are all 
suitable for covering roofs and give an immense quantity of flowers 
when established. For the sides or ends for planting-out Niphetos 
with fine nearly white flowers is seldom out of bloom, and is one 
of the most reliable ; Sombreuil, pale lemon, nearly white, very 
fine; Marie Sisley, white tinged with yellow, one of the best; 
Mrs. Opie, rosy carmine ; Duchess of Edinburgh, crimson ; Isabella 
Sprunt, sulphur yellow ; and Letty Coles. 
The above varieties will afford flowers more or less all the year in 
an ordinary greenhouse, and such beauties as are seldom seen on 
pot plants, besides occupying positions that would otherwise be 
devoted to climbing or twining plants that do not afford such 
acceptable flowers for cutting. I have but little experience of 
Hybrid Perpetuals planted out in the greenhouse. Those that do the 
best are Alfred Colomb, Marquise de Castellane, La France, Boulc 
de Neige, Baronne de Rothschild, Miss Hassard, and Madame 
Lacharme.—G. Abbey. 
SCALDED GRAPES. 
Your correspondent Mr. Taylor writes confidently on this sub¬ 
ject, but he does not explain the whole system of scalding or 
chill by evaporation, which, in common parlance, are synonymous 
terms. If a chill is the cause of the injury, how comes it that it 
rarely or never happens in the case of our most tender-skinned 
Grapes, but is principally confined to Lady Downe’s and Black 
Alicante, especially the first ? and in both of these scalding never 
occurs to a noticeable extent (hardly at all in fact) when the 
berries are young and most tender in the skin, but always at the 
stoning period, after which it ceases and causes no more anxiety. 
In other plants chills are experienced at all stages, but only two 
or three certain thick-skinned late Grapes suffer from if, and these 
at a particular stage only. These are questions your correspondent 
is bound to explain and render conformable to his theory. 
Furthermore, scalding happens under the very best management, 
and is worse some seasons than others, the treatment being exactly 
the same, only that extra care is taken to prevent it. Two years 
ago a gardener, whose name is familiar as a Grape-grower of 
the highest reputation, wrote to me saying, “ I never had so much 
scalding as this year and can’t make it out at all; ” and this is the 
common experience. Last year and this season we have had no 
scalding worth mentioning. Scalding, I fear, is to a certain 
extent connected with the stoning process, and a seed will usually 
be found embedded in the scalded part of the berry. 
I am afraid I and many others must plead guilty to the lazy 
plan of admitting air to the vineries at night, and of applying 
fire heat, if necessary, to render that practicable.—J. Simpson, 
Wortley. 
THALICTRUMS. 
This is a small genus, the members of which bear great re¬ 
semblance to each other when growing, differing principally in 
size and height. Their compound foliage is very pretty, and from 
its resemblance to the fronds of some of the Maidenhair Ferns 
they are useful for mixing with cut flowers or for bouquet-making, 
whilst as ornamental border or rock plants their leaves afford a 
pleasing contrast to all the surroundings. They are distinguished 
by their total want of petals, and absence of any appendage to 
the fruits, leaves deeply bi or tri-pinnate ; flowers mostly small 
and borne on dense panicles or racemes. The foliage of most of 
the species resembles that of Aquilegia in miniature, from which 
comes the French name of Columbine plumeuse, applied to Tha- 
lictrum aquilegifolium. They are showy in the mass when in 
flower, but as their greatest beauty consists in their foliage, the 
flower buds should be pinched out in order to strengthen the 
leaves. Almost any ordinary garden soil will suit the more robust- 
growing species. For the smaller, which are planted amongst the 
alpines, use sandy loam and peat in about equal parts. Thalic- 
trums like moisture, but not stagnation ; so bear in mind, there¬ 
fore, when selecting a nook or fissure in the rockery, that a moist 
and genial site is selected, or very little foliage will remain on 
the stems. 
Thalictrum anemonoidcs .—This is a charming little species for 
a moist fissure in the rock garden. It seldom grows higher than 
about 4 inches, and therefore will require a little extra care. 
Unlike most of the Thalictrums, this is an onamental flowering 
plant, the blooms being about an inch in diameter and pure 
white. April and May. North America. 
T. alpinum .—Another pretty little species, attaining a height 
of about 10 to 12 inches. The leaves are bitemate and glaucous. 
It bears a lax raceme of pendulous flowers, which we advise to 
be kept picked off in ^order to increase its leaf-development. 
Europe (Britain). 
T. flavum.— This is another of our English weeds ; nevertheless 
