154 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ August 12, 1880. 
the sides of the combs stand respectively in the centre and at the 
ends of a long narrow box, which forms part of the revolving cage. 
A continuous sliding rack fits into the teeth of these three pinions. 
When the driving pinion has sent this rack as far as the end of the 
box will permit it to travel the combs are set with one face outwards, 
but by reversing the turning of the handle the pinion moves the 
rack towards the other end of the box, and so by playing on the 
comb pinions gives a half revolution to the comb cages. The 
mechanism is so contrived that it can be very easily slipped to pieces 
for cleaning, while the gearing cannot be touched by the honey, 
which a strainer permits to be bottled direct from the machine. 
Mr. Walton exhibited a less pretentious but at the same time an 
admirable low-priced extractor, which was placed second. The 
spindle is passed through the fixed part of the can cover. On the 
end of the former is a wheel about 2^ inches in diameter, having a 
thick indiarubber band for its tire. Against this comes the similar 
tire of the driving wheel, the two simply slightly pressing each other. 
The result is a very smooth and noiseless movement, which does its 
work excellently. With Mr. Cowan’s extractor for our bourgeoisie , 
Mr. Walton’s for those with narrower purses, and Mr. Abbott’s Little 
Wonder at less than half the price of the latter of these two for 
those who do not mind for economy’s sake hard work and some 
inconvenience, we think but little remains to be done, but perhaps 
Mr. Cowan may show us next year that we have been mistaken. 
The judging of the beeswax puzzled us. It may be that there are 
virtues in wax which we have never discovered. 
The New Invention Class brought out the unprecedented number 
of twenty-four entries, but some of these were hardly entitled to a 
position in the class at all—for example, Dr. Pine’s lotion and bee veil, 
but yet enough remained to show a wonderfully increased interest in 
apicultural matters. Mr. Cheshire received the silver medal for his new 
method of fixing foundations by wires, with which the readers of this 
Journal are already familiar. He was also commended for a divisional 
feeder, of which the Judges report that it displayed great ingenuity 
and is very well fitted for feeding inside the hive without interfering 
with the colony of bees ; but its cost must preclude it from use except 
in those cases where an amateur considers expense of little conse¬ 
quence. Mr. Hooker exhibited an ingenious and useful way of setting 
foundation in frames. A saw-cut runs through the top bar. This is 
splayed open by a screwdriver or thick nail. A little double-pointed 
tool is stuck into the two sides of the top bar as they are held open. 
The screwdriver being withdrawn admits of the insertion of the edge 
of the wax sheet. The tool is removed, the wood springs back, and 
the sheet is firmly held. Mr. Cowan showed a very convenient swarm- 
catcher which, placed at the end of a pole, can be closed at once by 
simply pulling a string after securing the fugitives. Mr. Hunt intro¬ 
duced the Hampshire bee feeder—a tin can with a glass tube running 
through the bottom of it. Into this a woollen plug fits, permitting 
the syrup to drip out so slowly that the bees are sure to take all that 
is given. Mrs. Leigh Spencer’s bee skirt for ladies’ wear is worth the 
attention of all whom it may concern. It is a sort of bag for the 
skirt, with strings or elastics for the ankles. Mr. Parsons exhibits 
waxed paper guides, but these have long been tested and found 
wanting. When bees are busy they adopt them and build combs 
from them, but in idle times one finds a fibre and the teasing-out 
begins, which brings perhaps a whole comb to destruction. Mr. 
Parsons’ model of a slinger is wrong in principle. Much dead weight 
must be driven in addition to all the honey slung, and the comb when 
at the bottom of the circle it describes has to sustain a strain greater 
by twice its own weight than it bears when at its highest point. If 
the latter force is sufficient the former must be excessive. 
The remaining classes call for little remark, except that exhibiting 
diagrams, now perfectly well known and in which Abbott Bros, deal, 
can hardly be thought meritorious enough to entitle them to a bronze 
medal without reducing somewhat the estimation which we should 
suppose the Association would like to see attached to its honours. 
In conclusion a study of the hive classes shows clearly that exhibitors 
generally are striving after greater facility in moving frames, and the 
tin or zinc runner and distance pin are now quite the rule. Elasticity 
is found in every winning hive. It would perhaps put it more 
strongly to say that there cannot be a good hive without it. The 
value of double walls is no longer overlooked, while chaff covers are 
used for wintering. Results speak yet more eloquently of progress, 
the comb honey of this Exhibition being finished in appearance 
and marketable in form, while the extracted by contrast brings to 
mind some of the dark cloudy honey which entered the prize list in 
former years, but at which no one would now look. The Association 
has spread much of the light of which this is the evidence, and it 
ought in consequence to receive our encouragement and support. 
OUR LETTER BOX. 
Chicken Suffering from Roup {Mr. War die ).—The chicken you sent 
was affected with this disease, which is marked by an offensive discharge from 
the nostrils, froth in the corners of the eyes, and their lids swollen. It is gene¬ 
rally caused by exposure to excessive wet an 1 cold, and is contagious. Wash 
the head daily with tepid water. Give to eacli bird daily one grain of sulphate 
of copper mixe 1 in oatmeal mashed with ale, and plenty of green food. Separate 
the diseased fowls from the others. We submitted the chicken to careful treat¬ 
ment, but it has since died. 
Ducks Unhealthy {J.R. C '.).—Your account of the Duck’s malady is very 
extraordinary; we hate never known any suffer in a similar manuer, and are 
inclined to think they must eat some poisonous water-weed. We advise you at 
once to get a competent person to make a post-mortem examination of one. 
If too closely confined Ducks will die of liver complaint, but the symptoms are 
hardly such as you describe. 
Dorking Cock Wheezing (J. <?.).—The Dorking cock is suffering from 
cold or incipient roup. In either case the treatment would be the same. Give 
castor oil freely, a tablespoonful at a dose, and every other day. Twice or three 
times per day for a week feed the bird on stale bread steeped in strong ale. Keep 
him in a dry place, and let him have sun if possible. 
Transferring Brood {F. (?., Exeter ).—Transfer the brood to the frames 
in the usual way. This will only occupy three or four of them at most, and 
give foundation in the remainder. Put one or two sheets of foundation between 
the brood combs according to the strength of the bees. By continually moving 
the old combs to the outside of the cluster the eggs laid by the queen will 
all be placed in the foundation. When all the brood has hatched from the old 
combs remove them and supply foundation in their place. Feed of course until 
wintering condition is reached. 
Driving Bees (IF. B. IF.).—Your bees may be driven from their hives by 
anybody who has courage enough to blow some smoke from fustian rags into 
their hives amongst them, turn the hives on the crowns (upside down) and 
place empty hives on them mouth to mouth, and roll tablecloths round the 
junctions to keep the bees in. When this is done commence at once to drum on 
"the bottom hives with both hands, or two books, or two pieces of wood, and 
continue this work for fifteen or twenty minutes. This drumming disturbs the 
bees so much that they run up into the empty hives. 
Rats (Somerset ').—Coal tar smeared about the entrances of their holes and 
poured into the drains they frequent may drive them away. Apply to the gas¬ 
works for the tar. 
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
CAMDEN SQUARE, LONDON. 
Lat. 51°32'40" N.; Long. 0° 8'0" W.; Altitude,111 feet. 
date. 
9 A.M. 
IN THE DAY. 
Rain. 
1 
1S80. 
August. 
Barome¬ 
ter at 32° 
and Sea 
Level | 
Hygrome¬ 
ter. 
Direction 
of Wind. 
Temp, of 
Soil at 
1 foot,. 
Shade Tem¬ 
perature. 
Radiation 
Temperature. 
Dry. 
Wet. 
Max. 
Min. 
In 
sun. 
On 
grass. 
Inches. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
deg. 
In. 
Sun. 1 
29.007 
57.2 
54.8 
N. 
60.3 
70.2 
53.6 
114.4 
52.2 
— 
Mon. 2 
29.050 
59.4 
56.3 
W. 
59.9 
68.5 
50.0 
111.2 
47.0 
0.040 
Tubs. 3 
29.877 
62.2 
55.8 
N. 
59.4 
72 6 
47.8 
124.8 
44.8 
— 
Wed. 4 
29.918 
66.4 
61.6 
W. 
60.8 
74.7 
57.3 
116.6 
55.3 
— 
Thurs. 5 
29.859 
64.0 
61.0 
s.w. 
61.6 
78.6 
57.4 
12.5.3 
53.4 
— 
Friday 6 
29.928 
66.0 
62.2 
s.w. 
62.3 
73.7 
58.4 
92.6 
55.4 
0.01O 
Satur. 7 
29.613 
63.3 
58.3 
s.w. 
61.6 
69.2 
50.4 
104.6 
47.4 
0.207 
Means. 
29.735 
62.7 
58.6 
60.8 
72.5 
53.5 
112.8 
50.8 
0.257 
REMARKS. 
1st.—Rain in early morning, fair day, but much cloud and little sunshine. 
2nd.—Dull morning, rain from 10.30 A.M. till 1 P.M., fine in afternoon with 
bright sun, showers in evening. 
3rd.—Cool but very bright morning, fine day, overcast at intervals. 
4th.—Moderately fine day, but not much sunshine. 
5th.—Fine bright morning, afternoon and evening hazy, close, and oppressive. 
Gth.—Dull morning with spots of rain, shower at 1 P.M., dull cloudy afternoon 
and evening. 
7th.—Fine and bright early, cloudy morning, wet and windy afternoon and 
evening, heavy westerly gale in night; steady and rapid fall of the 
barometer all day, steady and rapid rise all night. 
Temperature rather lower than that of last week, though there was so much 
less rain, rather low also for the time of year, but remarkably like that of the 
first week of August last year.—G. J. Symons. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.—AUGUST 11. 
Trade is now very quiet in our market, and all classes of goods have expe¬ 
rienced a fall, large quantities of fruit reaching us from the continent. 
FRUIT. 
8. 
d. 
s. d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
Apples. 
J sieve 
2 
6 to 4 6 
Nectarines. 
dozen 
2 
OtoS 
0 
Apricots. 
box 
1 
0 
2 6 
Oranges . 
IP 100 
4 
0 
12 
0 
Cherries. 
W ft. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Peaches . 
dozen 
o 
0 
10 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 12 
0 
16 0 
Pears.kitchen .. 
dozen 
0 
c 
0 
0 
dozen 
2 
0 
4 0 
dessert. 
dozen 
f> 
0 
3 
o 
Filberts. ... 
^it. 
0 
0 
1 0 
Pine Apples .... 
lb 
1 
0 
S 
0 
tb 
0 
0 
1 0 
Plums . 
J sieve 
2 
6 
4 
o 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
2 
6 
4 0 
Raspberries .... 
IPtb. 
0 
8 
0 
6 
Grapes . 
IP tb 
0 
9 
3 0 
Strawberries .... 
V lb. 
0 
6 
1 
0 
^100 
6 
0 
10 0 
Walnuts . 
bushel 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Melons . 
each 
2 
0 
4 0 
ditto . 
100 
0 
0 
e 
» 
VEGETABLES. 
8 
a. 
s. d. 
jB, 
d. 
8. 
d. 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 0 
Mushrooms . 
dozen 
V 
01 n 1 
Asparagus . 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mustard & Cress .. 
punnet 
0 
o 
0 
s 
Beans,Kidney .... 
4P lb. 
0 
0 
0 6 
Onions. 
bushel 
3 
6 
5 
0 
Beet, Red . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
pickling. 
quart 
0 
0 
0 
9 
Broccoli . 
bundle 
0 
9 
X 6 
Parsley . doz. hunches 
6 
0 
0 
0 
Brussels Sprouts. . 
i sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Parsnips . 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Cabbage . 
dozen 
0 
6 
X 0 
Peas . 
quart 
0 
9 
1 
0 
Carrots . 
bnnch 
0 
4 
0 6 
Potatoes . 
bushel 
8 
9 
4 
0 
100 
1 
6 
2 0 
Kidnev. 
4 
0 
() 
Cauliflowers. 
dozen 
0 
0 
3 6 
Radishes_ doz.bunches 
1 
6 
2 
6 
Celerv . 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle o 
4 
0 
0 
Coleworts... .doz. bunches 
2 
0 
4 0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
each 
0 
4 
0 6 
Scorzonera . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
Seakale . 
basket 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Fennel. 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 0 
Shallots . 
IP tb 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
IP lb. 
0 
6 
0 0 
Spinach . 
bushel 
3 
0 
0 
9 
Herbs . 
bunch 
0 
2 
o e 
Turnips . 
bnnch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Leeks. 
bnnch 
0 
0 4 
Vegetable Marrows 
each 
0 
2 
0 
0 
