JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
September 9, 1880. ] 
231 
fine but unnamed fruit. Mr. D. Wilson obtained an extra prize for 
six Smooth Cayenne Pine Apples of excellent quality. 
Peaches and Nectarines. —These were well represented in the two 
classes devoted to them, there being nine exhibitors of the former and 
eight of the latter. For a dish of twelve Peaches R. Leigh, Esq., 
Barham Court, Maidstone (Mr. C. Haycock), was placed first with 
handsome, large, finely-coloured fruits of Violette Hative, which 
were very creditable to the exhibitor. Captain Jackson, Meopham, 
Kent (Mr. R. Phillips), was awarded the second prize for Reine des 
Beiges, of fine colour and good size ; W. R. Winch, Esq., North 
Mimms Park, Hatfield (Mr. J. Seymour), being third with large ex¬ 
amples of Salwey. In the corresponding class for Nectarines C. H. 
Firth, Esq., Riverdale, Sheffield (Mr. D. Abbott), secured the chief 
award, a dish of Victoria, very large and well coloured. R. C. Naylor, 
Esq.. Hooton Hall, Chester (Mr. Hanagan), followed with neat highly 
coloured fruits of the variety Pine Apple ; Mr. J. Gadd taking third 
for Elruge of fair quality. Apricots were only represented by three 
collections, first, second, and third prizes being secured by Lord 
Ebury, Moor Park (Mr. Mundell), Mr. Goodacre, and Mr. G. Sage. 
Melons. —Two classes were devoted to these—namely, one to green- 
fleshed and the other to scarlet-fleshed varieties ; about forty fruits 
were exhibited, nearly equally divided between the two classes, and 
presented a formidable task to the Judges. The prizes for a single 
fruit of a green-fleshed variety were obtained by Mr. J. Gadd with a 
well-ripened fruit resembling Bromham Hall, with a fair example 
of which variety Mr. P. Feest secured the second prize. Mr. H. A. 
Mann, St. Vincent’s Lodge, Grantham, was third with an unnamed 
fruit of average merit. The general quality of the unsuccessful 
exhibits in the class was not of great merit. Mr. J. Muir was first 
with a scarlet-fleshed Melon, very good in form, well ripened, and 
finely netted; Mr. C. Goldsmith was second with Scarlet Gem of 
good quality ; and Mr. Miles was third with Read’s Scarlet-fleshed, 
fairly well ripened. Figs were few and not first-rate, Mr. G. Sage 
was accorded the second prize for a dish of Brown Turkey. Plums 
were similarly deficient, Mr. Miles taking the first prize for fair 
examples of Magnum Bonum. 
Pears. —Three classes were provided for Pears, and although the 
entries were not very numerous the quality was fairly good for the 
season. In the class for a collection of Pears, to include six fruits of 
each variety, C. Hardwick, Esq., Hollanden, Tunbridge (Mr. G. Gold¬ 
smith), was first with forty dishes of as many distinct varieties, 
some of the fruits being of good size. The following were the most 
noteworthy :—Williams’ Bon Chretien, Marechal de Cour, Doyenne 
du Comice, Marie Louise, Chaumontel, Beurrd d’Amanlis panachde, 
Giou Morgeau, Beurre d’Anjou, Souvenir du Congres, Beurre Clair - 
geau, Doyennd Boussoch, Bonne d’Ezee, Beurre Diel, Catillac, and 
Gansel’s Bergamot. Mr. G. de Faye, Jersey, was second with twenty 
dishes of fine Pears, including the following in excellent condition :— 
Doyennd Boussoch, Beurre Diel, Beurre d’Etd, Duchesse d’Angouleme, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, Chaumontel, Marie Louise, Beurrd Bachelier, 
Beurrd d’Amanlis, and Glou Morgeau. Mr. P. F. Le Sueur, Jersey, 
was a good third with sixteen dishes of well-selected varieties. For 
a dozen Jargonelle Pears there were six entries, none, except the two 
winning collections, being of remarkable merit. Mr. G. Goldsmith 
was first with fruits of medium size, good shape, and fairly ripe; 
J. Fisher, Esq., Ebor House, Stamford Hill, N. (Mr. G. Hood), being 
second with fruits of good size, but not so ripe. Mr. G. Goldsmith 
was also first in the class for twelve fruits of any variety except Jar¬ 
gonelle, staging a dish of Williams’Bon Chretien of moderate quality, 
Mr. G. de Faye following with the same variety, green, but large. 
Apples. —There was a fine display of Apples both in the classes and 
not for competition,a very large number of varieties being represented 
by characteristic fruits. In the class for six varieties of baking 
Apples, six fruits of each, there were eight entries. Mr. C. Haycock 
was an admirable first with beautiful specimena of Lord Derby, 
Washington, New Hawthornden, Lord Suffield, and Stone’s Apple. 
Mr. G. de Faye followed closely, Emperor Alexander, Alfriston, and 
Beauty of Kent being the best. Mr. Miles was third. There were 
fourteen entries in the class for twelve baking Apples of one variety, 
Mr. P. Le Sueur taking the first prize with very fine examples of 
Incomparable, Mr. J. Austin being second with Lord Suffield of fair 
quality. In the class for a collection of dessert Apples, six varieties, 
six fruits of each, Mr. Haycock was awarded first honours for hand¬ 
some specimens of Devonshire Quarrenden, Golden Pippin, Jefferson, 
Summer Golden Pippin, and Mother Apple. F. Whitbourn, Esq., 
Loxford Hall, Ilford (Mr. J. Douglas), was placed second with a 
creditable collection, in which Early Harvest, Kerry Pippin, Worcester 
Pearmain, and Gravenstein were noteworthy. Mr. G. de Faye was 
third, three other exhibitors staging fair examples, but not sufficiently 
good to obtain them a place in the prize list. Messrs. C. Roberts and 
Miles were first and second with Devonshire Quarrenden in the class 
for dessert Apples fit for table. 
Small fruits were represented by few collections. For a dish of 
Gooseberries Messrs. Sage and Goodacre were first and second respec¬ 
tively with Warrington in good condition. Mr. G. Goldsmith had 
the best dish of Red Currants, the variety being Red Dutch, while 
Mr. G. de Faye was the only exhibitor of White Currants. Messrs. 
Lane & Son, Great Berkhampstead, Herts, were the only exhibitors 
of four Vines in pots, and obtained the first prize for handsome speci¬ 
mens of Black Hamburgh and Foster’s Seedling in vigorous health, 
and remarkably well fruited. 
Tomatoes. —In the class for twenty-four Tomatoes of one or more 
varieties Mr. S. Castle, The Vineyard, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, was 
awarded chief honours for a collection comprising twelve fruits of 
Trophy and twelve of Improved Red, which together weighed 14 lbs. 
The fruits were of good shape and fine colour. The same exhibitor 
staged twenty-four fruits of Stamfordian which weighed 21 tbs., but 
they were very coarse in form. Mr. Robert Farrance, Chadwell 
Heath, Essex, was second with fine even specimens of Trophy. Capt. 
Wingfield, Orsett Hall, Ilford, Essex (Mr. W. Iggulden), also exhibited 
a collection of very even and excellent fruits. There were six other 
exhibitors, thus constituting a very fair display. 
Miscellaneous Exhibits. —These were numerous and attractive, the 
most important being the superb collections of Apples from Messrs. 
Veitch & Sons of Chelsea and Messrs. Paul & Son of Cheshunt, which 
were highly commended by the Judges. Messrs. Veitch exhibited 
more than a hundred varieties, well representing the best in com¬ 
merce ; the condition of the fruits as regards size and form was also 
excellent. Messrs. Paul had about fifty carefully selected varieties, 
several being exceedingly fine. The latter firm also contributed a 
number of cut Roses. Mr. H. Cannell, Swanley, Kent, sent cut 
flowers of Tigridias, Asters, and Dahlias, all in them customary fresh 
healthy condition. Mr. J. Gilkes, Wickham Nursery, Newbury, sent 
a collection of quilled Asters, very fine ; Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, 
Crawley, Sussex, samples of Apples, Cucumbers, and Melons ; and 
Mr. Boiler a group of succulents. J. Southgate, Esq., Selborne, 
Leighham Court Road, Streatham (Mr. C. J. Salter), exhibited fruits 
of a seedling Cucumber named Selborne Rival, a cross between 
Marquis of Lome and Tender and True. The variety was said to be 
very prolific, and was commended. 
Nothing could exceed the courtesy of the officials extended to all 
who were in any way identified with this excellent Exhibition. 
COOL HOUSE ORCHIDS. 
A pew years ago cool house Orchids were but little understood, 
and the prices were so high that they could only be obtained by 
few. They are now, however, within the reach of many, and of 
such easy cultivation that they could be accommodated in gardens 
of small extent where there is a greenhouse. They will do well 
in cold frames from the end of April until October where they 
could have the exact treatment they require—that is, plenty of 
water at the root, and abundance of air with moderate shade. I 
think it is not sufficiently known that many Orchids can be grown 
in a cool temperature, or they would be more generally met with. 
They are great favourites with most ladies and gentlemen, and 
have more attractions than most flowers, either in the forms or 
delicacy of colour in the flower or the sweet perfume many possess. 
To prove that some species will endure very low temperatures, I 
may mention that the temperature of our cool house frequently 
falls as low as 35° to 40° during winter, and on one occasion to 33°, 
and the plants were not injured in the least. Not that I recom¬ 
mend a temperature below 40°, but this is abundant for them, and 
far more likely to induce a vigorous growth and abundance of 
bloom than the usual temperature of many cool Orchid houses. 
Take for instance a cool species, and winter it in a temperature 
of from 60 Q to 70°, and then give it greenhouse treatment the 
following summer—it will scarcely move in growth. Plants so 
treated will rest for months in a temperature of from 60° to 80°, 
and commence growing in autumn in a temperature from 40° to 
50°. This clearly proves that to obtain a vigorous summer growth 
the plants must be wintered in a proportionately low temperature. 
It must be remembered that this class of Orchidaceous plants 
cannot endure strong sunshine while growing, yet the shading 
material employed should be moveable, so as to give the plants 
abundance of light. This I consider is a very important point in 
cool house Orchid culture. Air should circulate through the house 
night and day when the external atmosphere, will allow of it; 
they cannot endure a close confined atmosphere, nor take the 
same amount of water as if air is admitted freely. Watering 
should be liberally done on fine mornings before the sun has 
much power. The plants are watered overhead with a coarse-rose 
can, so that the bed of gravel the plants stand upon is thoroughly 
saturated also; this is repeated in the afternoon in very fine weather. 
During the season of growth too much water cannot be given, nor 
will the young growths damp with these copious waterings if 
ventilation is in proportion. Damping of the young growths is 
frequently caused by a close stagnant atmosphere. Some varieties 
are subject to one kind of insect more than another. For instance, 
Odontoglossum Phalsenopsis is subject to red spider ; O. Alexandras, 
O. Pescatorei, and many others of a strong constitution to thrips 
and green or yellow fly; while O. grande and O. Insleayi are 
affected with scale. The best preventive for all is abundance of 
water and air. 
In potting, the pots should be clean and two-thirds filled with 
clean crocks, and the material employed should be well elevated 
above the rim of the pot. Good brown fibrous peat should be 
