308 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ September 30, 1880. 
equally likely to follow, and failure with plants intended for 
winter or spring use is no light matter. The plants we shall be 
lifting at the time these notes appear will be mainly Cyclamens, 
Eupatoriums, Bouvardias, Begonias for winter flowering, Callas, 
Chrysanthemums, berried Solanums, Souvenir de la Malmaison 
Carnations, and a few others. These will mostly have had their 
roots half loosened from the soil ten days or a fortnight previously, 
in order that the check at the time of removal may be as slight 
as possible. 
There are two ways of treating the plants after being potted— 
the one to place them under glass without delay, and to keep them 
close for a time, and also moist by frequent syringings ; the other 
is to let the plants after potting remain in a suitable position in 
the open air for ten days or so until the roots have taken hold of 
the fresh soil, and until the approach of autumn frost. I dislike 
the first plan, for the simple reason that it causes much unneces¬ 
sary attention, whilst the results are equally good—not a leaf need 
be lost in either case. But stand the best-prepared plants im¬ 
mediately after they have been potted from the open ground in 
any dry airy structures, and no wonder if there be a turning 
yellow of foliage and general debility in all the stock. A month 
later when the midday sun, which is often hot well into October, 
has lost most of its power, plants from flower beds for stock pur¬ 
poses can be immediately placed in any kind of structure without 
any grievous harm resulting, provided enough heat is allowed to 
give the roots a start. 
Two matters of some importance just now is to give a greater 
amount of drainage to plants that are being potted, and to make 
the compost sandier than is the case for those having the summer 
before them.—It. P. B. 
JUDGES AND JUDGING. 
“A Veteran’s” remarks on page 275 are well timed. The 
judging at exhibitions should, as far as possible, be above suspicion 
or complaint in any way, and it is exceedingly desirable that the 
judges should be changed occasionally at least; but there are not 
a few notable horticultural shows where the same men have been 
employed for nigh upon a score of years. The fact need only be 
mentioned, and I can tell you what the usual practice is of some 
of those old stagers who “ seek for work,” and kill two dogs with 
one stone. They invite themselves, if the show be in the provinces, 
to 6ome gentleman’s gardener’s house in the neighbourhood a day 
or two before the show to take “a few notes” for some paper, 
and are lodged and fed, and perhaps driven over to the show 
when the time arrives, the host usually being an exhibitor him¬ 
self, and his produce perhaps judged by his guest. After the 
show our judge invites himself for a day or two to some other 
places near, where exhibits come from also, to take a few more 
“ notes,” and so on from year to year. I could give you the 
names of both judges and places where this has been done in the 
most regular way for years, but “he who runs may read.”—A, 
PORTRAITS OF NEW AND NOTABLE PLANTS. 
Crinum Kirkii. —“ This is a very fine new Crinum of the 
ornatum group, of which the bulb was sent home about two years 
ago by Dr. Kirke from Zanzibar. It flowered for the first time at 
Kew in the autumn ot 1879. Its nearest ally is C. Forbesianum, 
from Delagoa Bay, which was lost for a long time, but which we 
have again lately received and flowered. The present plant has 
flowers as large and as brightly coloured as the finest forms of 
C. ornatum, but may be recognised at a glance by its short very 
stout peduncle, and very large acuminate leaves, with a distinctly 
ciliated edge.”—( Bot. Mag., t. 6512.) 
Citrus trifoliata. —“ This singular and free-flowering shrub 
is much less known than it deserves to be, it being, in fact, almost 
unknown in English gardens, though perfectly hardy, free-flower¬ 
ing, and sweet-scented. It has stood unprotected in the open 
border of the arboretum of Kew for several years, and hitherto 
has been quite uninjured, even the tender young shoots resisting 
the early frosts and long-protracted cold of the last two inclement 
seasons ; a fact the more singular when it is considered that the 
whole plant is evergreen in respect of leaves, branches, and spines, 
though the leaves are deciduous. C. trifoliata is a native of Japan, 
where it is much cultivated both as a garden plant and for fences. 
Its fruit, which resembles a small Orange, is described as very 
bitter, and having laxative properties. As an early-flowering 
and sweet-scented hardy shrub this Citrus is likely to prove a 
favourite, and should it be eventually unable to withstand a winter 
of unusual severity in the open border, it may still be safe on a wall 
with or without protection. The flowers appeared in the middle 
of May of this very backward year, but no fruit has been formed ; 
the leaves were not fully developed till the end of June. It need 
hardly be stated that the five-petalled variety is much more at¬ 
tractive than the four-petalled.”— {IMd., t. 6513.) 
Gentiana ornata. —“This beautiful little Gentian is a native 
of the rich alpine meadows of the Himalaya, where it represents 
the G. frigida of the Hungarian Alps, and from which it differs in 
the cartilaginous margins of the leaves, and the absence of the 
filamentous remains of old stems on the summit of the rootstock, 
as also in the colour of the corolla, which is of an intense blue, 
not white, like the European species. The G. ornata is confined 
to the central and eastern Himalaya; it was discovered by 
Wallich’s collectors in Central Nepal, and I have gathered it 
abundantly in Sikkim at elevations of 13,000 to 10,000 feet.”— 
{Ibid., t. 6514.) 
Helichrysum frigidum. —“A very remarkable and scarce 
little alpine plant, hitherto found nowhere but in the mountains 
of Corsica, at elevations reaching to 6000 feet. It was long sup¬ 
posed to be also a native of Syria, it being described and figured 
by the Syrian traveller Labillardiere under the name of Xeraa- 
themum frigidum, as being found by him on Mount Lebanon as 
well as in Corsica, and there is in the Kew herbarium a specimen 
of it from Labillardiere’s own herbarium, communicated by the 
late Mr. Webb, who obtained the herbarium by purchase, and left 
it by will to Florence, but it is not stated whether it is from 
Corsica or Lebanon ; as, however, it is identical with specimens 
from the first named country, it may be assumed to be a copacriot. 
Boissier, in his ‘ Flora Orientalis ’ (vol. iii., p. 239), states under 
H. Billardieri (a Lebanon species and very different from H. fri¬ 
gidum) that H. frigidum is erroneously ascribed to the Lebanon, 
and this is the general and, no doubt, correct opinion.”— {Ibid., 
t. 6515.) 
Laclena spectabilis. —Native of Mexico. Flowers very pale 
pink. “A very little-known genus, of which only two species have 
been discovered, the present and L. bicolor, on which the genus 
was founded by Lindley (‘ Bot. Reg.,’ 1844, t. 50), and which is a 
native of Guatemala. The present is very much the handsomer 
species of the two, and is remarkable for the delicate colouring 
of the perianth, which in L. bicolor is of a greenish-yellow hue, 
and not speckled in the lip. The two species difiler widely, this 
having a much loager claw, a horn, concave in front, between the 
lateral lobes, and a stipitate mid-lobe; whilst that of L. bicolor 
has a very short claw, a beard between the lateral lobes, and an 
almost sessile mid-lobe. Lindley, who named the genus, called 
it by one of the names of Helen (Lacsena), because of its beauty ; 
a compliment which the ‘ Botanical Register’s ’ representative of 
L. bicolor does not at all merit; be adds, however, that it may 
also be derived from la Ms, a cleft, in allusion to the divisions of 
the lip. L. spectabilis flowered at Kew in the spring of this year ; 
the Royal Gardens are indebted to Dr. Wendland, of the Royal 
Gardens of Herrnhausen, Hanover, for the plant.”—(i bid., t. 6516.) 
GLOBE ARTICHOKES FROM SEED. 
Judging from what 1 have seen and heard, the last two winters 
proved unusually destructive among the plantations of Globe 
Artichokes. This was especially the case last winter, when the 
growth, the result of a wet dull season, was over-luxuriant, and as 
a matter of course was very liable to injury from the extra severe 
frost experienced. Many who succeeded during the previous 
winter in saving a sufficiency of old stumps to give the required 
number of suckers for the formation of new plantations, failed 
completely with them last winter, and that, too, after taking 
precisely the same precautions in the way of protecting. As a 
consequence some purchased a fresh stock of plants, and still more, 
I am informed by a good authority, bought seed and laised their 
own plants. This in both instances was right enough to a certain 
extent, but unfortunately neither could be relied on ; in the first 
instance simply because nurserymen were no more able to pre¬ 
serve their stock of plants than were gardeners, and even if they 
were, but few I imagine would have a quantity sufficient to meet 
the unusually heavy demand. The way out of the difficulty—and 
nothing could be easier—was to raise a number of plants from 
seed, and unless I am much mistaken these same seedlings have 
proved somewhat surprising to the buyers, as they have doubtless 
comprised several very staitling novelties, of which, unfortunately, 
fully 90 per cent, were of little value. 
Those who have raised their stock from seed, unless much more 
fortunate than I have been, both during this and previous seasons, 
possess a great and undesirable variety of Artichokes. Some of 
which are little better than Cardoons, others with heads of great 
size but witli thin uneatable scales ; some with long and shurp 
spines, and others perfectly spineless ; some with flattish heads with 
recurved scales, and others again, close and perfectly conical- 
