318 
JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
[ September 30, 1380. 
3, G. B. C. Breeze, vhc, A. Comyiis, iun., F. Bennett, Marchioness of Hastings, 
Dr. J. Holmes. Pullet.—l and Cop, 0. Davenport Jones. 2, It. I’. Wheadon. 3, 
L. C. C. It. Norris. Extra 3, Dr. J. Holmes, vhc, S. W. Thomas, It. 1’. I’ercival, 
Rev. T. C. Peake, R. A. Baker. Light. — Cockerel.—I, G. B. C. Breeze. 2, Miss Moli- 
neux. 3, Mrs. W. C. Drummond. Pullet.—I, Austen Bigg. 2. 0. Graham. 3, Mrs. 
J. Turner. Extra 3, Philip Haines, vhc, S. Lucas, Austen Bigg, Alfred Webb. 
FRENCH.— Any variety. — Cockerel.— 1, Robert Pound. 2, A. E. Ward. 3, IF. H. 
Copplestone. Pullet.— 1, Rev. Thomas Nolan. 2, Robert Pound. 3, Edward 
Taylor, vhc, W. Nichotls, 'John Porter, J. T. Calvert, Miss E. Williams, Mrs. 
David Lane. HAMBURGH8.— Any variety.—Cockerel—l. George Randall. 2, C. F. 
Copemau. 3, G. Simpson, vhc, Messrs. A. E. * L. A. Pritchard, Thomas Lund. 
Pullet. —1 and Cup. T. Ryman. 2, George Randall. 3,Thomas Lund. DORKINGS. 
—Any colour.—Cockerel and Pullet. —1. W. Nicholls. 2, Butler Smith. 3, T. W. 
Jones. Extra 3, O. E. Cresswell. SPANISH.— Cockerel and Pullet.— Cup, Lady 
Allsop. 2, Jabez Walker. 3, J. Powell, vhc. John Aldridge. Polands.— Any 
variety.—Cockerel and Pullet.—1 and 3, Ben Rawnsley. 2, G. W. Boothby. vhc, 
C. Bloodworth. LEGHORNS.— Cockerel and Pullet.— 1,’ G. M. Moreeraft. 2. Rev. 
Grey Skipwortli. 3, II. Moser, vhc, R. H. Foster. ANY OTHER VARIETY.— 
Cockerel and Pullet.— 1, A. E. Ward. 2, J. Bishop. 3, Mrs. Muir, vhc, John 
Addicott. GAME BANTAM.— Black or Brown Red.—Cockerel.— l. Cup, and 2, E. 
Walton. 3, E. Morgan, vhc, H. Chard. Pullet .—1 and 2, E. Morgan. 3, E. Win- 
wood. vhc, E. Walton. Any other variety.—Cockerel. -1, E. Walton. 2, C. H. 
Jelf. 3, Mr. G. Roberts, vhc, W. Hinton. Pullet.—1, J. Lives ton. 2, C. Daven¬ 
port Jones. 3, T. W. Adams. Extra 3 , G. Roberts, vhc, E. Watson, E. Winward. 
BANTAM.—Any other variety. — Cockerel. —1 and vhc, M. Leno, jun. 2, E. Walton. 
3, E. Pritchard. Pullet.—I, M. Leno, jun. 2. E. Walton. 3. Adam Clarke, vhc, 
Mrs. W. R. Hopkins, M. Leno, jun. SELLING CLASS.—1, J. Bishop. 2, II. Moser. 
3, W. Weston. 4, Mr. G. Simpson, vhc, Mrs. Kettlewell, E. T. Gardom, J. S. Ham, 
Rev.T. C. Peake, H. Yardley. 
PIGEONS.—CARRIERS.—Cod - or Hen—l, Cup.2,and 3, John Baker. Pouters. 
—Cock or Hen. land 2, John Baker. 8 and vhc, A. PrUt. DRAGOONS.— Cock or 
Hen.— 1 and 2, Wallace Smith. 3, Ben Rawnsley. Extra 3, H. F. Sparrow, John 
Baker, vhc., W. Brittenden, Janies Lush, jun. BARBS.— Cock or Hen.— 1, 2, and 
3, John Baker. JACOBINS.— Cock or Hen.—l and 3. Messrs. Way man & Buchanan. 
2, A. E. Gould, vhc, J. F. Harvey. Turbits.— Cock or Hen — Cup, John Baker. 
2, O. E. Cresswell. 3, Thomas Homes, vhc, Messrs. Hellier & Wilkins, O. E. 
Cresswell. OWLS.— Cock or Hen.—l, Richard Woods. 2 and vhc, John Baker. 
3, J. F. Harvey. TUMBLERS.— Short-faced.—Cock or Hen - 1, 2. and vhc, John 
Baker. 3, Henry Yardley. Long-faced,—Cock or Hen.—l, 2. and vhc, Richard 
Woods. 3, Ben Rawnsle . FANTAIL9,— Cock or Hen.—l and 2, O. E. Cresswell. 
3, John Baker. ANTWERPS.— Song-raced.—Cock or Hen.—l and 2, Ben Rawnsley. 
3, S. Wade. Short-faced.—Cock or Hen.—l and vhc, J. C. Waterhonse. 2. J. Baker. 
3, H. Yardley. Any other VARIETY.—1 and 2, John Baker, 3, Arthur Allen. 
vhc, A. P. Maurice, Gerald S. Knott. SELLING CLASS.—Coot 0 / Hen.—l, John 
Baker. 2, C. F. Herrieff. 3, Mrs. W. Riddell. 
The Judges were for poultry Mr. E. Hutton ; for Pigeons Mr. J. 
Hanley. The show of both seemed to us remarkably well judged. 
TOY PIGEONS—THE TDRBIT. 
To my mind there is no more lovely and charming Pigeon than 
the Turbit. It is one of the long-established varieties which was 
described in the last century in a way that might now serve our pur¬ 
pose, but that the “ fancy ” has somewhat changed as to the Turbit’s 
head properties, a point or shell being now considered almost indis¬ 
pensable, whereas formerly the plain round head was in vogue. 
Turbits are peculiarly Pigeons of the amateur; not that there is any 
want of fine specimens in the hands of dealers, but somehow this 
variety has long greatly flourished in the lofts of several enthusiastic 
amateurs, who have for many years quite held their own against 
professional exhibitors in a way that has hardly been the case with 
any other variety. Clubs for the encouragement of particular varieties 
of poultry have of late come into fashion, and the fanciers of Turbits 
have been the first of the Pigeon amateurs to follow suit. 'I he 
Turbit Club has drawn up a careful and elaborate standard of 
excellence, which (from such great authorities) does not seem to us 
always very explicit or intelligible to beginners. They are treading 
on dangerous ground, for, unfortunately, strong differences of 
opinion arise even between the brother fanciers of poultry and 
Pigeons. The question of the Jacobin’s hood led to most acrimo¬ 
nious dissensions. Fortunately the Turbit’s head properties have not 
aroused so much excitement; still its admirers have their differences, 
which must be considered when we come to look at the Turbit point 
by point. 
The chief charm of the breed is the delicate softness of its 
plumage, and the pretty contrast between the colour of its shoulders 
and the white of the rest of its body. A flight of Turbits of mixed 
colours is a charming sight; there is no breed the colours of which 
have been raised to such perfection—rich jetty black, glowing red 
and yellow, soft blue, and still softer silver are among them. It 
seems as if the Turbits were the artist’s ideal Pigeon, for in more 
than one famous picture of Venus we have seen blue Turbits as her 
attendant Doves. A neat little head, a dark intelligent e\ e, a proud 
yet in no way unmitural carriage, and a frill down the breast, in 
good specimens turning both ways, completes its contour. But as 
I have before said, the Pigeon critics are becoming very scientific, 
and I must in another article more minutely discuss the Turbit’s 
points.—C. 
HOW LONG CANARIES WILL LIVE. 
It is surprising the number of years Canaries or Canary mules 
will live penned up in their little wiry abodes. Several instances 
have come to my knowledge of such birds attaining the age of from 
ten to twenty years ; and it may be of interest to those who keep 
Canaries to peruse the remarks of a very old authority, who says— 
“ As for the time that Canary birds live, I cannot ascertain it, for 
I may remark, that as they differ in constitution, it may thence 
be concluded that they live longer or shorter according to the 
strength of such constitutions. But to be somewhat more par¬ 
ticular ; a cock Canary bird that is put up to breed every year 
seldom lives above ten years, and generally the seventh year is not 
fit to be put up to breed, for very often he will leave the hen to 
lay addled eggs. A hen that sits every year seldom goes beyond 
six or seven years, or if she does, it is because she has been well 
managed, or that she is of an extraordinary constitution. Of all 
sorts of Canary birds the grey live the longest, being much 
stronger than the lemon-coloured. A Canary of a strong constitu¬ 
tion—one that has been well managed and never put to breeding 
—may live twenty-two years, but then he is subject to many 
diseases, as want of stomach, blindness, losing bis claws and voice, 
and sometimes having the gout, and in that condition his lan¬ 
guishing life, which threatens a speedy and certain death, is as 
troublesome to him, by reason of the sharp pains he continually 
endures, as a man’s is to him when he has arrived at a certain 
uneasy degree of old age, at which the only sovereign remedy is 
no other than death.” —Geo. J. Barnesby. 
VARIETIES. 
The Mangold Wurtzel Maggot.— A Lincolnshire correspon¬ 
dent, writing to us relative to the ravages of this maggot (Antho- 
myia bet at), states that during July it made its appearance, and in 
about a fortnight the foliage of the plants appeared as if seared with 
a hot iron, and the crops appeared as if ruined. After the heavy 
rains, however, of August few insects could be seen, the plants put 
forth fresh leaves, and now the crops promise to be very good, 
although the roots are not so large as they would have been had 
they not been attacked so seriously early in the season. 
- Agricultural Prospects.— Erom our reports this week it 
appears that there is a considerable acreage of Barley yet to be 
harvested, and it is to be feared that the damage to this outstanding 
portion of the crop by the rains of the past fortnight has been very 
considerable. The Bean crop is to a great extent still in the fields, 
and for the most part will require considerable time for ingathering. 
The heavy rains have penetrated corn stacks that were left un¬ 
thatched with a view to immediate thrashing, and as this has 
occurred on a rather extensive scale much of the excellent condition 
of the ingathered Wheat crop has thereby been lost. Thrashing 
operations have been suspended, and the ricks will now have to 
remain until their sweating is over. As the yield becomes better 
known its unfavourable character is spoken of in a very pronounced 
manner. Boot crops are now known to be heavy, with the exception 
of Mangolds in a few districts ; but this particular crop, though irre¬ 
gular, will probably turn off a good weight per acre. Grass has 
increased on the pastures, and cattle are doing well in most parts 
of the country. Losses are still reported amongst lambs, and there 
are well-founded apprehensions as to the soundness of flocks through¬ 
out the shires. The rains have facilitated the ploughing of stubbles 
but have somewhat hindered the working of fallows. As winter 
Tares are cheap a considerable average will probably be sown ; in 
some cases they have been got in exceedingly well .—(Marie Lane 
Express.) 
-Brahmas and Cochins as Mothers. —Every poultry-keeper, 
says an American writer, who has had any experience worth mention¬ 
ing, knows that the Brahmas and Cochins make the best mothers in 
the poultry kingdom. Of course a Brahma mother will not get up 
and fight friends, enemies, strangers, cats, dogs, and everything else 
that ventures within 40 rods of one of her chicks, as a Game mother 
will, but nobody wants one hen to do fighting enough for a regiment. 
The majority of poultry-keepers prefer ben mothers that are peace¬ 
able and can be approached with some degree of safety. 
-The Swan. —Swans generally pair for life, their whole be¬ 
haviour offering a beautifu example of conjugal fidelity. The two 
birds show the greatest affection for each other, always swimming in 
company, and caressing one another with their bills and necks in the 
most interesting manner; and should either be attacked the other 
will show fight in the most vigorous manner, though, of course, the 
male is the most powerful and courageous. Both birds help to pre¬ 
pare the nest, the male chiefly gathering the materials, while the 
female seems to take the chief part in the actual construction. A 
