October 28,1880. 1 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 408 
Mfere de Menage, Loddington Seedling, Waltham Abbey Seedling, Norfolk 
Bearer, Frogmore Prolific, Northern Greening, Kentish Fillbasket, Gloria Mundi, 
Castle Major, Tower of Glammis, Rymer, Sleeping Beauty, Yorkshire Greening, 
Forge, Bedfordshire Foundling, Winter Greening, Winter Codim, Lady Henniker, 
and Cobham. 
Cucumbers and Tomatoes (C. S .).—Your two long span-roofed bouses 
with ordinarily skilful treatment ought to be remunerative whether the crops 
grown be either Cucumbers or Tomatoes. We are inclined to think you have an 
insufficiency of bottom heat for very early, and in fact the main crop of Cucum¬ 
bers, as there ought at least to have been two pipes—say a flow and return. 
Taking all things into consideration, we should advise the planting of the 
warmest side of one house before the Tomato plants are much rootbound, and 
thereby receive a severe check. Any surplus plants may be fruited profitably, 
either singly or in pairs, in 12 -inch pots ; stake the plants and place them on 
the opposite side of the house till the space is wanted for plants obtained from a 
January sowing, by which time a crop will be set on them, and failing a better 
position may then be placed on your wide pathway to ripen. If there is any 
difference devote the warmest house to the Cucumbers, and plant the warmest 
side of this with January-raised seedlings, and when these are well established 
raise more plants for the opposite side. The latest planted in both instances 
will very probably be found most profitable “ in the long run,” as the growth 
will be stronger and cleaner owing to the increase of solar heat (which ought 
to be taken advantage of by closing early), and a corresponding decrease in 
artificial heat. If cropped and treated rationally the plants ought to continue 
bearing till far into the summer. We should, however, advise you to raise 
another batch of plants of both Cucumbers and Tomatoes to follow those first 
planted, as being more likely to produce heavier and superior crops to those 
usually obtained from renovated old plants. When preparing your pits for 
either kind first fill the bottom so as to quite bury the pipes with broken bricks 
or something similar, over these place a layer of turves grass downwards, and 
failing this substitute rough and rather fresh stable manure ; on this place 
mounds of rough and rich turfy soil 3 feet apart for Cucumbers, and a ridge of 
similar soil for Tomatoes, a plant of the former to each mound. The earliest 
Tomatoes may be planted 15 inches apart, and the more vigorous successional 
plants 18 inches apart. In all instances topdress frequently with rich rough 
soil; water often, sometimes with liquid manure, and always of the tempera¬ 
ture of the house ; attend well to the disbudding of the Tomatoes and the stop¬ 
ping of the Cucumbers, and avoid heavy cropping. When replanting all fresh 
soil need not of necessity be used, but it is advisable to work in some, and 
also a sprinkling of one of the artificial manures as advertised ; sprinklings of 
the latter may with advantage be substituted for the liquid manure providing 
it is not used to excess. Early Tomatoes will do well in a temperature of from 
60° to 65° by night, increased to 70° to 75“ by day ; and if any difficulty is ex¬ 
perienced in setting a crop maintain a diier atmosphere for a few days, open 
the top ventilators early, and when the pollen is dry, which would be towards 
mid-day, lightly brush the flowers with a camel’s-hair brush. The Cucumbers 
should receive about 5° higher throughout, a more moist atmosphere also being 
maintained. You should carefully read the remarks on Cucumber culture by 
Mr. Stephen Castle on page 369. 
Names of Fruit (A. Ridgway ).—The Apple is Pine Golden Pippin. (Henry 
Riches'). —1, Not known ; 2, Dumelow’s Seedling ; 3, King of the Pippins; 4, Royal 
Russet; 5, Blenheim Pippin. (L>. C.). —1, Beurre de Capiaumont; 2, Comte de 
Lamy ; 3,Figue d’Alen?on ; 4 and 5, not known ; 6 ,Marechal de Cour ; 7, Groom’s 
Princess Royal. (C. IF. II.).- 1, Wormsley Pippin ; 2, Rhode Island Greening; 
3, Herefordshire Beefing ; 4, Reinette de Canada ; 5, Royal Reinette ; 6 , Christie's 
Pippin. (R. 0.). —1, Not known ; 2, Newtown Pippin ; 3, Adam’s Pearmain ; 
4, Braddick’s Nonpareil; 5, Stunner Pippin; 6 , Shepherd’s Fame. (IF. II. 
Divers). —1 and 2 we do not recognise ; they may be local varieties or seedlings, 
and are very sour. No. 3 resembles Calville Blanche. (A. 0. J/.).—No. 1 is 
Cockle Pippin, and No. 2 Fearn’s Pippin. 
Names of Plants (A. Smith). — 1, Aster novre-anglim rar. roseus ; 2, 
A. Curtisi; 3, A. novte-anglife var. pulchellus ; 4, A. dumosus ; 5, A. ericoides ; 
6 , A. Tradescantii. (IF. C. B.). —1, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris ; 2, Adiantum 
assimile; 3, Panicum plicatum vaiiegatum ; 4, Gymnogramma peruviana argy- 
rophylla; 5, Selaginella stolonifera ; 6. The specimen was insufficient for identifi¬ 
cation. (A. II. Wraysbury). —1, Apparently imperfect specimens of Goniophlebium 
subauriculatum; 3, Pteris longifolia; 2 and 4 were too much crushed to be 
recognisable. (A. C. 0 .).—Medicago echinus. (/A. II. T .).—Francoa ramosa. 
(II. A.). —Malva moschata. 
POULTRY, PIGEON, AND BEE CHRONICLE. 
ROTATION FOR CROPPING LIGHT SOILS. 
(Continued f rom page 382.) 
In concluding the subject of rotations for light soils we propose 
more particularly to refer to two descriptions of land which we 
have not yet touched upon—viz., the light thin weak land, often 
found at a very high altitude, and overlying the great oolite or 
Bath freestone rock, and known as “ stone brash,” and which is 
found in particular districts, such as the elevated plains like those 
in Gloucestershire called the Cotswolds, and in various other 
counties, especially in the western and north-western portions of 
the kingdom. Although these soils are very thin, yet they are 
dry in the winter, affording excellent lying for sheep—in fact, 
upon these soils are to be seen some of the finest long-woolled 
sheep, in proof of which are the Cotswolds, taking their name 
from the district of which they are natives. The other soils, 
which we feel bound to recognise as being of the greatest im¬ 
portance of all the light soils, are the gravels, in proof of which 
we find them when favourably situated as to climate, &c., making 
a higher rent than any other light land. They arc met with in 
nearly all the counties to some extent, but more particularly we 
find them in the south and south-eastern districts, where they 
are called the home of the fat sheep, lambs, and bullocks, whicn 
supply the metropolitan and other large town markets with some 
of the choicest and best qualities of meat raised in the kingdom. 
Now, these gravels are found occurring here and there in the 
vales on the side of river courses, and at the mouths of rivers, 
and not unfrequently skirting the seaside. We have noticed that 
these gravels are generally situated next to the water meadows 
in most of the districts where the mixed soils occur, and this cir¬ 
cumstance goes far to characterise the style of management and 
rotations which prevail in the tillage of such land. 
We will, without further enlarging upon the subject, proceed 
to give the rotations adopted, and which we recommend, taking 
first the “ stone brash ” soils ; and for the purpose of illustration 
we will again take a farm of 450 acres, situated on the open 
plains without downs or meadows, because in the absence of these 
we must apportion a certain area for Saintfoin, Lucerne, See., for 
it must be remembered that these soils do not always answer in 
permanent pasture or down so well as chalk soils, therefore in 
arranging our rotation 50 acres must be in Saintfoin, See. Our 
rotation will be as we recommend it, five-course—viz., 1st, 
Wheat; 2nd, Barley or Oats ; 3rd, green crops and roots ; 4th, 
Barley or Oats ; 5th, Clover and Grass. If, however, an extra 
number of sheep are required to be kept a large flock will require 
a more extensive provision of green food, in which case the rota¬ 
tion should be—1st, Wheat; 2nd, green crops and roots ; 3rd, 
Lent com ; 4th, Clover and Grasses ; 5th, old lea. We will take 
the first-named rotation as adapted for a flock of a moderate size 
and a large lain of cereals. First course Wheat, 80 acres, dunged 
and sown at one ploughing and pressing. Second course Lent 
corn, 80 acres, autumn-fallowed or surface-cleaned, in order that 
the corn may be sown early in the spring, and this is of leading 
importance on such dry soil. The Lent corn, however, should 
be manured by artificials, say cwt. of Peruvian guano and 2 cwt. 
bone superphosphate per acre, applied by the drill with the seed. 
In case, however, of any portion of this lain being extra foul it 
should be pared and burned in the autumn ; it would then require 
no artificial manure, as the ashes would be quite equal to produce 
an abundant crop of either Oats or Barley, but more especially 
drege, because in case the crop should be laid or lodged it would 
not injure the quality of the grain so much as it would a crop of 
Barley. Third course green crops and roots, 80 acres, of which 
40 acres should be seeded with Rye, Trifolium, and Vetches in 
certain proportions upon the cleanest land, and the foulest to be 
autumn-fallowed for Swedes, Turnips, Thousand-headed Cabbage, 
or Rape. The same sorts of roots will also be grown after the 
green crops, as Mangolds, Carrots, &c., do not usually succeed as 
a rule upon the high cold hills. Fourth course 80 acres, 50 acres 
of which may be seeded for Barley, the remaining 30 acres to be 
seeded with drege after the latest feeding of roots, which should 
be cleared off by the 1st of May at the latest. Fifth course 
80 acres, to be seeded in the Lent corn ; 40 acres with Red Clover, 
Alsike, and Giant Saintfoin ; and 40 acres with Dutch Clover, 
Suckling, and Facey’s Perennial Rye Grass, these seedings to be 
reversed at the next rotation. This course of cropping is better 
adapted for a dry or wether flock than for breeding ewes, because 
greater numbers can be kept for the feeding off roots in good 
time for Lent com, and a lesser number for grass feeding in the 
summer months. The second rotation as above named, and suited 
