November ii, i860. } JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
449 
of the Jerseys and Guernseys, however, was so superior as to 
require a second analysis before the comparative merits of the 
competing cows could be determined.” We hope to give the 
actual result in our nest communication. 
In Class 4, Ayrshires were only remarkable for the large entry 
by one exhibitor, who received all the prizes in this class. As, 
however, there was nothing requiring special notice relating to 
these cows, we shall refer the reader to the small quantity of milk 
just stated, as given by the one competing for the milking prize, 
which is not likely to give this breed any preference, except as 
hardy animals capable of withstanding an inferior climate, and 
yielding a fair quantity of milk whilst feeding upon herbage of 
inferior quality growing upon the moorland and mountains. 
Class 5, Jerseys.—This breed of cattle is, we may say, next to 
the Shorthorns as dairy stock ; in fact, in some situations they are 
superior in some respects, yet really they each possess a local 
standing, and both deserve it when it is considered the different 
climate and soils upon which they are kept, and the different 
circumstances by which they are attached to certain districts. 
We shall, however, consider more fully the points connected with 
the Jersey breed as dairy cows when we get Dr. Yoelcker’s returns 
of the quality of their milk as compared with other breeds. The 
show of Jerseys was, as might have been expected, very extensive, 
the first and second prize being awarded to Mr. George Simpson 
of Wray Park, Reigate, Surrey, who has now been celebrated as an 
exhibitor of Jerseys for many years, and he as yet maintains the 
first position in the kingdom as a breeder of Jersey cattle. There 
is, however, another breeder who was not far behind him, who took 
the third prize in this class of cows—namely, Mr. John Carders of 
Town Hill, Westend, Southampton, who exhibited two beautiful 
animals. The stock of either of these two competitors can be 
highly recommended to the notice of noblemen and gentlemen as 
possessing animals well calculated for the ornament of the park 
and pasture lands, and at the same time capable of yielding not 
only profit, but butter of the finest quality and colour. We 
propose next week to call attention to the Guernsey breed as 
dairy stock, and also other breeds, such as the Kerry and the 
cross-breeds, with a review of the practice of cross-breeding, &c. 
(To be continued.) 
WORK ON THE HOME FARM. 
Horse Labour .—There has been serious hindrance to the horse 
labour of the farm lately, and there is but little Wheat sown j there¬ 
fore this work must now be urged forward at any and every oppor¬ 
tunity. Whilst we write the weather has become fine, and the land, 
all but the strongest flat-lying soils, is in good condition, the work 
should proceed without further delay. However, the weather cannot 
be trusted in November, which is the best month for sowing Wheat 
upon dry healthy land in a favourable climate ; therefore the home 
farmer should not set out more seeding than can be done in a day, so 
that any sudden change to rain may not interfere with the finishing 
work. This, however, applies to the land which has laid previously 
ploughed. Upon the root land, however, where the sheep have 
recently fed off the crop, the land should be ploughed and sown 
simultaneously and none left unfinished in the evening, because the 
weather peculiar to this month is rain and frost by turns, or in suc¬ 
cession, either of which will cause great delay unless the land is 
finished off as fast as sown. On some of the hill farms, either on the 
stone brash or chalk, the sowing of the lea ground is completed. The 
horses will in consequence be at liberty to return to the autumn 
fallows for the most part lying in an unfinished state. A few more 
fine days will enable the Howard’s patent lifting drag to be used for 
combing out and loosening the heaps of couch and weeds, which the 
late rains have settled down so close that they cannot be collected 
with either the chain harrow or horse rake without being moved 
again. Where the land is clean the Wheat stubbles, &c., can be now 
deeply ploughed and allowed to lie during the winter months, and if 
the land is free from couch it will require no more ploughing in the 
spring. It may be made a perfect tilth by the action of the scarifier, 
lifting drag, &c., and prove in excellent condition for seeding the root 
crops, also Barley at the earliest period. We ask the home farmer 
to remember the number of fields last spring which were ploughed 
several times, and at the seed time the weather proved so dry that 
the Mangold seed vegetated most irregularly, and the crop is deficient 
in consequence. This is so often the case that whether the season 
proves wet or dry the land which requires no ploughing in the spring 
is sure to be in un. best condition for sowing early with either Barley 
or root crops. 
Hand Labour .—Work peculiar to the winter months will now pre¬ 
vail, but that which must be done first is the pulling and storing 
roots in the field by pitting and covering them with earth. The 
Swedes which will be required for the sheep during winter and 
spring, for those which are pitted in good condition are always better 
for sheep than those which have been left in the lar.d, as either the 
action of frost or the production of new roots depreciates the feeding 
value. The major portion of the Mangold crop has been carted off 
the land and heaped or stored away for use. When grown within 
reach of the seashore the ordinary seaweed is the best covering for 
the heap, as it affords better protection from frost than any other 
materia], and requires less earth on the outside of the heap. Most of 
the stock fairs for sheep have been shortly supplied, and although 
sheep have maintained full prices yet they would have been still 
higher had the price of corn been more remunerative, as there is one 
of the best root crops on all soil3 we can ever remember. Shepherds 
must not give their in-lamb ewes too many roots, and a fair allow¬ 
ance of hay will be more than ever necessary. Unfortunately a large 
portion of the field hay has been very much damaged, but where the 
substances used for flavouring were added to the hay when being 
stacked it is found that sheep eat it much better, being attracted by 
the aroma imparted to the hay. Fatting sheep have made good pro¬ 
gress lately upon all dry land, but the quality of the hay being 
deficient much more cake than usual has been used for feeding, 
about a pound per sheep per day being considered a fair allowance. 
Cattle in the boxes have capital roots to thrive upon, but these will 
require, if used for fattening cattle, not less than 4 lbs. of cake in 
meal with 2 lbs. of bean or barley meal added for each animal per 
day, and strewed over the cut roots at feeding time. Cut straw will 
then be sufficient without hay, and a moderate quantity of roots, not 
exceeding 56 or CO tbs. per day each, according to the size of the 
animals. The horned Dorset and Somerset ewes are lambing fast, 
with many twins in a healthy state, but more lambs than usual will 
this year fall in the month of November, and it is the best month for 
lambs to come intended for the general early trade in the metropolitan 
market, as well-fed lambs will be ready to kill at twelre weeks old. 
REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE POULTRY 
CLUB— October, 1880. 
We desire, as your Committee, to lay before you some account of 
the proceedings of the Poultry Club from the date of our last report 
up to the present time. Your Committee has since then met ten 
times. You will remember that in that report we recounted the steps 
w’hich we had thought it necessary to take during the previous year 
for the suppression of trimming and dishonourable practices in the 
exhibition of poultry ; these included the permanent or temporary 
disqualification of several exhibitors from showing at all shows held 
under the Club rules. We are now glad to inform you that, as far as 
we are able to judge both from our personal experience and from the 
reports of some of the most competent poultry judges, these steps 
have had a very marked effect in suppressing trimming and pro¬ 
moting honourable competition. During the past year we have in 
no single instance had the unpleasant necessity of disqualifying any 
exhibitor ; and the late Mr. E. Hewitt, whose loss we all deplore, stated 
after judging at the last Crystal Palace Show that he believed there 
had never been a great exhibition at which the birds were more 
honestly shown ; he likewise in a letter addressed not long before his 
death to the Honorary Secretary of the Club warmly eulogised the 
course it had pursued, which in his opinion had much contributed to 
this desirable change. Since our last report about a dozen shows 
have been held directly under the rules of the Club. In many other 
schedules the most important clauses of them have been adopted ; 
indeed hardly a schedule can now be found in which the rules against 
dishonourable practices are not worded with far greater precision and 
stringency than they were at the time of the Club’s formation. 
The Club has of late been applied to in several cases to give pecu¬ 
niary aid by guarantee or otherwise to shows held under its auspices, 
and we have thought that the state of its finances justified our acced¬ 
ing to these requests. As many such seem likely to be made we 
have appointed a sub-Committee consisting of Messrs. A. Darby, E. 
Pritchard, and the Rev. W. Serjeantson to consider and advise rqoon all 
such applications. In our last report we gave our opinion that before 
long the Club would be in a position to undertake the management of 
a large exhibition. Communications received from many members led 
us to believe that there was a general wish that this should be done. 
Last April an opportunity seemed to present itself. The. Council 
of the British Dairy Farmers’ Association opened a negotiation with 
us with a view to our undertaking the entire management of the 
Poultry and Pigeon Show to be held in October in the Agricultural 
Hall. A long correspondence ensued between the Secretary of the 
British Dairy Farmers’ Association and the Honorary Secretary of the 
Club, which ended in a definite offer being made by the Association 
to the Club. A special Committee meeting was held on May 24th at 
Oxford to consider this and other pressing matters ; but when it was 
found that the dates of this proposed Show and that of the Oxford 
Show clashed the following resolution was passed—“ The Committee 
having considered the offer of the British Dairy Farmers’ Association 
that they should undertake the management of their Poultry Show, 
regret that they are unable to do so. Had the Show been held at 
any other date than that always fixed for Oxford their decision might 
have been otherwise ; but they think that Oxford deserves too well 
of poultry fanciers to justify them in undertaking a Show which 
must injure its prospects.” 
We regret that circumstances prevented the carrying-out of a 
scheme, which, but for this unfortunate fixture w r ould, we believe, 
have given general satisfaction to the Club, but expect to be able 
almost immediately to announce that arrangements have been made 
for holding a show in January under the management of the 
Club. For some time past the labours of your Committee have been 
