November is, 1880 . ] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 465 
attractive and floriferous variety of vigorous habit, bearing fine 
clusters of moderately large flowers, the limb of which is a deep 
scarlet, and the tube of a rosy tint. 
Cypripedium Fairrieanum (Yeitcb).—A small but pretty form of 
Lady’s Slipper, already described. 
Scientific Committee. —Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen exhibited 
a female branch of the inflorescence of ChaniEerops Fovtuni or excelsa, 
and remarked that the male panicle bad previously appeared and 
fertilised a plant at some considerable distance. Dr. Masters exhibited 
the erect form of Ficus repens bearing fruit from Mr. Mitchell 
Henry’s garden at Galway. He also exhibited a spike of female 
blossoms of an American Chestnut, Castanea pumila (?), occupying 
the place of the male flowers ; and a remarkable fasciated specimen 
of a species of Casuarina from Baron Yon Muller, Spruce and Ash 
branches in a fasciated condition, as well as a branch of Larch bearing 
tuft-like branches resembling some Brazilian Firs. 
Mr. M’Lachlan reported on some diseased Oranges and Lemons, 
which were attacked with the Aspidiotus coccinus, sent by Mr. J. L. 
Giustiniani, Manchester. It was suggested by him that, although no 
cause could be assigned for the attack, sulphur or else “ stamping 
out ” would be the best remedy. Col. Clarke suggested the use of 
paraffin oil (one tumblerful of old lamp oil mixed with one bucket¬ 
ful of water and syringed). Mr. Boscawen suggested methylated 
spirit, one pint; soft soap, 3 to 4 lbs.; and 1 or 2 ozs. of camphor, as a 
good remedy. He also exhibited specimens of Componotus inflatus 
(Lubbock) ant, described by Sir John Lubbock, from South Australia. 
They appear to be workers which remain inside the nest, while other 
ants bring them honey. This they subsequently retail to the others 
as it is required. They are, in fact, “ animated honey pots.” He 
also exhibited the remarkably horned Eucalyptus Galls figured and 
described in the Gardeners' Chronicle a short time ago. 
Mr. Boscawen exhibited specimens of Odontoglossum Alexandra; 
with the bud eaten by a maggot. Mr. McLachlan suggested that it 
possibly might be a Curculio. The maggot itself had been attacked 
by some parasitic Hymenopterous insect. Mr. Boscawen also ex¬ 
hibited Rhododendron leaves curiously eaten at the edges. They 
were lower leaves, and the general opinion seemed to be that it was 
due to slugs. Mr. G. F. Wilson alluded to the injury caused by 
galvanised wire, probably inefficiently galvanised, and said he found 
it to be a firm belief amongst horticulturists that the injury of rotting 
the wood was due to the wire. If well painted no injury ensued. 
Mr. W. G. Smith exhibited specimens of the fungus Geaster rufescens 
from Mr. T. Clarke, Shadwell Court, Thetford ; and Pine wood eaten by 
some larva, showing how the animal had avoided the harder tissues, 
as knots, &c. _ 
SPECIAL PRIZES FOR VEGETABLES. 
On this occasion prizes were offered by Messrs. Sutton & Sons, 
Reading, and Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, London, for col¬ 
lections of vegetables and also for single dishes of Potatoes, and in 
response thereto many fine collections were brought from many parts 
of the country. For the prizes offered by the former firm for a collec¬ 
tion of twelve distinct kinds of vegetables there were fourteen com¬ 
petitors, the majority of whom staged really excellent produce. The 
first prize, after a long and careful scrutiny by the Judges, was 
awarded to Mr. J. Austen, Ashton Court Gardens, Bristol, for a 
generally excellent collection, consisting of Telegraph Cucumbers, 
Orangefield Tomatoes, Leicester Red Celery, Nutting’s Dwarf Red 
Beet, James’ Intermediate Carrots, Canadian Wonder Beans, Lapstone 
Kidney Potatoes, Yeitch’s Self-protecting Cauliflower, and Imported 
Brussels Sprouts. Mr. J. Roberts, gardener to the Baroness de Roth¬ 
schild, Gunnersbury Park, Acton, secured the second prize ; the third 
going to Mr. J. Muir, gardener to C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., Margam 
Park, South Wales ; the fourth to Mr. W. Iggulden, Orsett Hall 
Gardens, Romford ; and the fifth to Mr. S. Haines, gardener to the 
Earl of Radnor, Coleshill House, Berks—all following each other 
closely with their respective exhibits. Mr. Roberts’ best dishes were 
Tender and True Cucumbers, Hepper’s Goliah Tomatoes, Snowball 
Turnips, and Horn Carrots. Mr. Muir’s collection comprised a good 
dish of Crossling’s Glamorgan Tomatoes, good Carter’s Jersey Lily 
Turnips, Suttons’ King of the Cauliflowers, and Gilbert’s Cabbage 
Broccoli, shown in this instance as a Cabbage. Mr. Iggulden staged 
good examples of Major Clarke’s Solid Red Celery, Snowflake 
Potatoes, and Yeitch’s Autumn Giant Cauliflowers. Mr. Haines 
showed good Trophy Tomatoes, and Suttons’ Improved Reading 
Onions. The Brussels Sprouts were shown throughout as growing, 
and were a prominent feature in the display. 
Onions. —There were twelve dishes of Suttons’ Improved Reading 
Onions staged, the first prize going to Mr. J. Austen for very fine 
examples; the second to Mr. J. Lye, Cliffe House Gardens, Devizes ; 
and the third to Mr. S. Haines, both staging heavy specimens. 
Potatoes. —Twenty-seven dishes of Suttons’ Magnum Bonura were 
staged, the three prizes going to Mr. J. Howard, Bridge, Canterbury ; 
Mr. F. Miller, Northdown, Margate ; and Mr. G. J. W. Andrews, 
Dorchester, in the order named, all staging very fine examples of this 
popular variety. Only six dishes of Suttons’ Reading Abbey were 
staged, the best being from Mr. W. Meads, gardener to Viscount Bar¬ 
rington, Beckett Park, Shrivenham ; the second prize going to Mr. 
W. Iggulden ; and the third to Mr. J. Phillips, gardener to Captain 
Jackson, Meopham, all btaging creditably. Of Suttons’ Woodstock 
Kidney there were thirteen dishes staged, the first prize being awarded 
to Mr. W. Iggulden for rather small but clean and well-shaped tubers ; 
the second prize going to Mr. R. Phillips, and the third to Mr. C. 
Ross, Welford Park, Newbury. Several fine dishes were staged, 
which, however, were passed on account of being greened by exposure 
at a previous show. 
Messrs. Hooper & Co. offered prizes for the Beauty of Kent Potato, 
and for these there were five competitors. Messrs. C. Ross, W. Iggul¬ 
den, and R. Phillips received the awards in the order named, all 
staging good examples of this superior-looking Potato. For the prizes 
given for a collection of nine dishes of vegetables, to include Hooper’s 
Acme Tomato, Hooper’s Market Favourite Onion, Beauty of Kent 
and Pride of America Potatoes, there were only two competitors. 
Mr. R. Phillips was awarded the first prize for a collection which, in 
addition to good examples of the stipulated varieties, comprised good 
selected Brussels Sprouts, Musselburgh Leeks, Canadian Wonder 
Beans, James’s Intermediate Carrots, and Autumn Giant Cauliflower. 
Mr. W. Iggulden secured the second prize for a collection slightly 
inferior. 
A table running through the whole length of the vestibule was 
filled by Messrs. Carter & Co., London, with an assortment of 
well-grown vegetables, among which several of their novelties were 
well represented, and nearly a hundred varieties of Potatoes. Very 
prominent among the former were some fine examples of Carter’s 
Ruby Tomato, an extremely bright red variety of fair size and good 
shape ; Carter’s Jersey Lily Turnip, a good type of the Snowball; 
Carter’s Perfection Beet, Carter’s Incomparable Crimson Celery, and 
a number of Kales and Savoys. Of Potatoes they exhibited fine 
heaps of Carter’s Improved Magnum Bonum, Carter’s select stock of 
Scotch Champion that were grown at Sandringham. The general 
collection comprised good examples of the new Wormleighton Seed¬ 
ling, Edgcott Seedling, Porter’s Excelsior, Purple Ashleaf, Blanchard, 
Beauty of Kent, and the new Early Eight-weeks. 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons likewise staged fine heaps of Potatoes, 
the most prominent being Suttons’ Magnum Bonum, Suttons’ Wood- 
stock Kidney, Suttons’ Reading Abbey, Suttons’ Redskin Flourball, 
and Schoolmaster. In addition they had good dishes of all the leading 
varieties, including Fox’s Seedling, Triumph, Covent Garden Perfec¬ 
tion, Rector of Woodstock, Red Ashleaf, Snowflake, Early Hammer¬ 
smith, Vicar of Laleham, Lye’s Favourite, St. Patrick, Porter’s Excel¬ 
sior, Red Fluke, Bedfont Prolific, and Bresee’s Peerless. Messrs. 
Suttons also staged fourteen'seedling Potatoes, among which were 
several raised by Mr. R. Fenn that have passed into their hands. 
Some of them were of very promising appearance, and are said to be 
good disease-iesisters. 
LECTURE ON THE CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
The following is the substance of the Rev. G. Henslow’s lecture on 
the Chrysanthemum, delivered at the above meeting. The lecturer 
called attention to some of the more important species in cultivation 
—viz., C. segetum, the Corn Marigold of our fields, was cultivated early 
in the eighteenth century with both single and double varieties ; the 
Ox-eye Daisy being another British species, C. leucanthemum. Of 
foreign kinds C. coronarium, the “Garland Daisy,” is said to be a 
culinary vegetable in China. C. frutescens, from the Canaries, with 
yellow and white varieties, is the Marguerite of the French ; the 
principal species of garden Chrysanthemums being C. sinense, Sabine, 
and C. indicum, Linn, or the “ Chusan Daisy ” of Japan. 
The first notice of the cultivation of C. sinense in Europe appears 
to be of those grown by Jacob Breyn in 1(188 at Dantzic, who had 
“ bright rose, snow white, purple, dull yellow, flesh-coloured, and 
crimson ” varieties. A plant of C. indicum was in the Chelsea Gardens 
in 17G4, but was soon lost. M. Blancard bad three forms, a white, 
purple, and violet, growing at Marseilles in 1781), and from thence Mr. 
Colville of King’s Road, Chelsea, grew a dark purple semi-double form 
in 1795. This appears to have been its first introduction into Eng¬ 
land. Yellow and other colours were introduced in 1802 and following 
years till ten varieties were grown in 1808. They increased to forty 
in 1827. In 184G Mr. Fortune introduced the Chusan Daisy and 
Chinese minimum form of C. indicum, and the origin of the Pompons, 
for the first successful cultivation of which we are indebted to France. 
The number of forms then rapidly increased, till in 18G0 no less than 
750 varieties were growing in a single garden ! 
Mr. Fortune in 18G0 collected several curious forms from the 
Japanese gardens. He left them at Shanghai while he went to Pekin. 
On his return he found all were dead but two or three. These 
reached Mr. Salter of Hammersmith, who raised from seed varieties 
which proved to be identical with those Mr. Fortune had lost. Chrys¬ 
anthemums have been long cultivated in Japan and China, and it is 
said that he who can produce the largest flower bestows most honour 
on his guest. One variety is called the “Drunken Yoman,’ as it 
has small pendulous flowers in the morning and evening, but which 
are erect during the day. In the gardens at Yeddo imitation .adies 
are built up of these flowers. 
With the regard to the origin of the variations, they are due to 
changes undergone by the disk or centre florets, naturally tubular 
with a regular border, for the wild original forms were not larger 
than a sixpence, and with “ray” and “disk.” Yhen a disk floret 
becomes like a ray floret it not only enlarges but suppresses two 
