596 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. t December so, isso. 
catalogue shorn of titular dignity, and where feasible I have banished 
courtesy prefixes. My Roses grow and bloom none the Averse for 
this excision, and I am saved much useless labour and weariness. In 
truth the Rose seems all the better for a simple name. I have of 
course been compelled to maintain some of the tinsel decorations. 
Duchess of Edinburgh could not well be abbreviated, but Welling¬ 
ton sounds better than the Duke of Wellington, William Paul than 
Mr. William Paul. Who would say Mr. William Pitt, or add an 
empty honour to the name of Caesar P Madame Rothschild reaches 
the extreme of my respect; but I have Camille de Rohan, Marie 
Henriette, Marie Cirodde, Malmaison, and The Gloire. 
One word more about fragrant Roses. Why do not our nursery¬ 
men distinguish in their catalogues those that are sweet? There 
could in any event be no difficulty in saying whether new Roses are 
scented when their introduction is heralded. It is a misfortune 
that a scentless Rose was ever allowed to live. We should in the 
garden have a Spartan code. Imperfect as well as worthless things 
should be sacrificed; every Rose bantling without perfume should 
have been cast away. The evil of propagating false flowers like 
Madame Rothschild cannot be remedied by an individual. But these 
spurious things are put under ban by the fair sex, and we shall in 
time remove the pretenders, and secure others of their form and 
colour and with any other good quality, while preserving the Rose’s 
wondrous sweetness. 
Is it impracticable to publish in the Journal in sections a full list 
of all scented Roses ? If you can give the space it would be a 
labour of love to many to supply the material.—W. Simons, 
Gwainvarren, Merthyr Tydfil. 
EXTRAORDINARY TITHES ON FRUIT AND MARKET 
GARDENS. 
As a great many readers of your valuable paper have to pay the 
above obnoxious impost upon fruit and market garden grounds, I 
think a few remarks upon the subject will interest them and be 
useful to all of your subscribers. Lord John Russell, speaking of 
this tithe, said, “ It was a tax upon agriculture, and one which 
would prevent people from making those experiments in agriculture 
which would be to the advantage of this country.” Everyone must 
admit that it is a discouragement of the above industries and a 
direct tax upon labour and capital, and this extra tithe distinctly 
acts as a bounty upon those foreign importations—viz., fruit, vege¬ 
tables, and Hops. I will mention a few parishes where this extra¬ 
ordinary tithe is charged upon fruit and market garden grounds, to 
show the inequalities that exist, as well as being a prohibitory tax 
in some parishes. In Isleworth, Middlesex, the charge is 7s. per 
acre; at Limpsfield and Oxted in Surrey, 16.?. 9 d .; Eynsford, Kent, 
7s. ; next parish of Shoreham none, at same time a great deal of 
fruit grown in both parishes ; Farnborough, Kent, 7s. ; Sutton-at- 
Hone, 9 s .; adjoining parish of Horton Kirby, Kent, none ; Plum- 
stead, 6s. ; Frith, 10.?.; Bexley, none; IIoo, near Rochester, 12,?.; 
Cooling, a few parishes off, 4.?. ; Leeds, near Maidstone, 18s. ; 
Canterbury, none ; Orpington, 8s.; Westerham, 18s.; Chart Sutton, 
8s. 6d. ; Sutton Valence, 18s.; Cranbrook, none; and St. Mary 
Cray, 8s. These parishes are all in Kent. In Sussex—Lancing, 
6s. per acre; Henfield, 4s. 6 d. ; Edburton, 4s.; Thakenham, 3s. 6d. ; 
and Offenham in Worcestershire, 4s. It must be remembered that 
this tithe is in addition to the ordinary tithe, which is generally 
about 7s. or 8s. per acre, a few parishes as high as 15s. per acre; and 
the corn averages, which are taken so unfairly and are now agitat¬ 
ing the mind of every occupier of land, is charged upon these tithes. 
Thus last year, one of the most disastrous upon record to the pro¬ 
ducer of food, we were compelled to pay £111 15s. 1 %d. for every 
£100 worth of extraordinary tithe, or Ilf per cent, above par. As 
Dean Swift tells us that the man who makes two blades of grass 
spring up where there was only one before is a benefactor of his 
species, so is a statesman who is a means of getting an Act of 
Parliament passed for the redemption ot a tithe that prevents the 
tiller of the soil to a great extent in producing the fruits of the 
earth.— Albert Bath, Colgates Farm , Sevenoaks, Kent. 
[Our correspondent is the author of a prize essay on “ Tithes* 
Ordinary and Extraordinary, and How to Deal with Them,” that 
has lately appeared in the Mark Lane Express. The theme is 
ably handled, and forms a practical and lucid treatise upon a com¬ 
plicated and difficult subject, and deserves a careful perusal. In 
dealing with extraordinary tithes he recommends “ A short Act of 
Parliament, to be called the * Extraordinary Tithes Compulsory 
Redemption Act,’ should be passed, declaring that at a certain 
period all extraordinary tithes shall be redeemed, landowners in a 
reasonable time to pay the receivers of these tithes (who are Avith 
few exceptions clergymen of the Church of England) life and 
vested interest, it to be compulsory upon receivers of tithes to sell, 
Government to grant loans to the landowners where required upon 
easy terms for the purpose of redeeming the said tithes. After the 
passing of this Act any agreement or lease binding the tenant to 
pay the landowner an extra sum per year in ‘ consideration ’ of 
being relieved of these tithes will be useless, and of no effect in 
courts of justice.” The subject is undoubtedly one of great im¬ 
portance, and demands the consideration of all who are identified 
with the culture of fruit and other market garden crops.] 
THE SCHOOLMASTER APPLE. 
The following figure of this handsome new variety is extracted 
from the “Gardener’s Year Book” for 1881:— 
“ Fruit conical, obtusely ribbed on the side, terminating at the 
eye in broad ridge3, and knobbed at the base. Skin bright green, 
changing to greenish yellow as it ripens, covered all OA r er with large 
russetty freckles, and with a pale thin red tinge where it is exposed 
to the sun ; russetty round the stalk. Eye closed, with long pointed 
Fig. 110.—Schoolmaster. 
segments, the tips of which are reflexed, set in a pretty deep basin ; 
tube long, funnel-shaped; stamens marginal. Stalk A r ery short, 
slender, or a mere knob, deeply inserted in a close cavity, with a 
large swollen protuberance on one side. Flesh white, crisp, tender, 
and mildly acid with some sweetness. Cells of the core open. 
“A very excellent culinary Apple, which received a first-class 
certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, November 16th, 
1880. It was introduced by Mr. Thomas Laxton of Bedford, who 
reported to the Society that it was raised from seed of an Apple im¬ 
ported from America.” 
PEACH BLISTER AND POTATO DISEASE. 
I DO not think there is so much difference of opinion between 
Mr. Luckhurst and myself about the question of Peach blister. I 
have no doubt that cold winds and severe changes of temperature 
predispose the trees to the disease ; but, as in the case of the 
Potato disease, I still think the disease itself is caused by the 
growth of a fungus—in other words that fungus is the cause, not 
merely the result of the disease, both in the case of the Peach 
blister and of the Potato disease. I quite agree with Mr. Luck¬ 
hurst that properly arranged glass walls will prevent the disease, 
and that with judicious management much may be done merely 
by a glass coping and shelter by means of Nottingham net, frigi 
domo, or other materials to check the spread of it, even where 
there is no artificial heat used. Though well-ripened wood is less 
subject to the attack of the fungus, yet, under unfavourable con¬ 
ditions in the early growth of foliage in the spring, the disease 
Avill attack even the healthiest growths from wood of the previous 
year ; but at the same time Peach trees that have the advantage 
of growing under glass, whether in heated or unheated structures, 
are less likely to suffer from the disease, both from their growth 
being better matured, and also because proper ventilation can be 
given without cold draughts and excessive changes of temperature 
Avhich unprotected trees are liable to suffer from, and which both 
induces the disease in the first instance and promotes the spread 
of the blister afterwards. 
