54 
NATiTRAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 
[north 
Schiller-spar^ from the Hartz, &c.; and some varieties of what is called 
bronzite and xanthophyllite _To the silicates of magnesia is also re¬ 
ferred the olivine, a green granular substance, occurring chiefly in trapp 
rocks, as also in the cells of the meteoric iron of Siberia and Atacama 
(see Case 1): when in a pure state and crystallized it is denominated 
chrysolite or peridot, classed with gems; hyahsiderite, batrachite and 
monticellite are also olivine-like substances. 
Case 26. Silicate of zinc, called smithsonite (after the distinguished 
English chemist who first explained its nature, and that df silicates in 
general), and also electric or siliceous calamine, the finest specimens of 
which are those from Siberia and Hungary; the variety called willemite, 
from Aix-la-Chapelle, &c.— Silicate of manganese, of which there are 
several varieties (some of them nothing but mechanical mixtures of 
this silicate with carbonate of manganese, and quartz), which have 
received particular names, such as allagite, rhodonite, hc. — tephroite, 
— troostite.—Silicate of cerium or cerite, found only at Bastnas, in 
Sweden.— Silicate of iron, to which belong the cA/orop/icezYe, chlor- 
opaL stilpnomelane, hisingerite, gillingite, polyhydrite, siderosckizolite, 
fayalite, anthosiderite, and some other newly-discovered mineral 
substances.— Silicate of copper, or siliceous malachite, also called 
chrysocolla and copper-green: to which may be referred the diop^ 
tase or copper-emerald, a scarce mineral from the Kirguise country in 
Siberia.— Silicate of bismuth, also called bismuth-blende and eulytine, 
found in the form of hair-brown globules and indistinct ciy^stals, 
at Schneeberg, Saxony.— Silicate of zirconia, to vfhxch belong Wer¬ 
ner’s zircon and some hyacinths of jewellers, from Ceylon, Auvergne, 
Chili, the Lake Ilmen in Siberia; also the blue zircon from Ve¬ 
suvius ; the variety called zirconite from Friedricksvarn in Norway, 
the ostranite from the same locality, but w’hich appears to differ 
from zircon only by its inferior hardness;—the malacon, or hydrous 
zircon, — To these is added the thorite of Berzelius, from Brevig 
in Norway, a mineral in which the metal thorium w^as first dis¬ 
covered.— Silicate of alumina: of these we have the andalusite; 
(with which is placed the chiastolite or hollow spar, hohlspath W., 
one of the several minerals called cross-stones: the structure of its 
crystals is but little understood), the kyanite or disthene, and the re¬ 
lated mineral substances called sillimanite; xanthite, wdi'thite, bucholz- 
ite, and fibrolite (one of the concomitant substances of the corundum 
of the Carnatic);—the allophane, the halloysite, lenzinite, scarbroite, 
collyrite, bole, and some minerals of similar aspect are also referred to 
the silicates of alumina- Among them may be particularized the 
cailinite or Indian pipe-stone from the quarry of Coteau des Prairies, 
brought from thence by Mr. Catlin, the first white man allowed by the 
Indians to visit it, and after whom the substance was named by Dr. 
Jackson;— agalmatolite (Werner’s bildstein, with which various steatitic 
substances have been confounded), employed by the Chinese for carving 
images, vessels, &c. 
The Silicates with severalbases are under arrangement in a series of 
Cases, nearly in the following order; 
Cases 27 to 29 contain zeolitic substances: apophyllite, or ichthy- 
ophthalmite, in fine crystals, from Hesloe in Faroe; with stilbite; 
wdth tessellite of Brewster; with poonalite of Brooke, &c.; a variety of 
apophyllite, called by some mineralogists ;—chabasite or chabasie. 
