66 
NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 
[north 
Limoges, Bodenmais; and the green uranite, or chalcolite, chiefly 
from Cornwall and Saxony: both of them phosphates of oxide of 
uranium, but distinct by containing, the former a small portion of 
phosphate of lime, and the latter an equivalent portion of phosphate of 
copper.— Phosphate of yttria, or phosphyttrite, a very scarce mineral 
substance, first found in the granite of Lindenas in Norway, and subse¬ 
quently, in equally small quantities, at YtteiHby in Sweden.— Phos~ 
phates of alumina, to which belong—^the ivavellite, a substance which 
was originally mistaken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and there¬ 
fore called hydrargiUite, from Devonshire, Ireland, Greenland, from 
Amberg, in Bavaria (called lasionite), from Aussig in Bohemia^ 
on sandstone, &c.—the gibbsite (see Table 19), the varieties of 
which contain phosphoric acid in varying proportions;—the klapro- 
thite, called also blue spar, and azurite, and is therefore sometimes 
confounded with the lapis lazuli;—together with some other sub¬ 
stances of which no exact analyses have as yet been pubUsked, 
though they are knovm to be chiefly composed of alumina in com¬ 
bination with phosphoric acid, such as—the calaite, or real turquois 
{firuzah in Persian), an opaque gem found chiefly at Nishapur, in 
the province of Khorasan, Persia, in nodules or as small veins tra¬ 
versing a ferrugino-argillaceous rock, and greatly esteemed on ac¬ 
count of its beautiful blue colour, which will in most cases be suflicient to 
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper and from fossil bones 
(particularly teeth) impregnated with blue phosphate of iron or carbonate 
of copper, some of which substances are vulgarly called occidental tur¬ 
quoises.—The kakoxene, a rare substance of a crystalline diverging- 
fibrous structure and yellow colour, found in the fissures of argillaceous 
iron-stone, near Zbirow in Bohemia ;—and the childrenite from Tavi¬ 
stock, in Devonshire : both which mineral substances contain alumina 
and oxide of iron combined with phosphoric acid, but require to be sub¬ 
jected to closer chemical examination.— Phosphate of magnesia: the 
very scarce wagnerite, from the valley of Holgraben, near Werfen, in 
Salzburg_The mengite and edwardsite are placed in the Table Case, 
they being by some considered as phosphates of lanthan and cerium 
oxides. 
in two of the supplemental Table Cases (57 A and B) in this room 
are deposited such phosphates as are combined with chlorides; as like¬ 
wise the rare combinations of the latter ^vith carbonates and silicates. 
Case 57 A. Pyromorphite, a combination of phosphate of lead and 
chloride of lead, generally divided into brown lead ore and green lead 
ore: among the varieties of the former, the more remarkable ai’e the 
large six-sided prisms from Huelgoet in Brittany; of the latter we 
have the massive hotryoldxX (traiibenertz), the spicular, and crystallized 
varieties, of various shades of green passing into greenish-white, into 
yellow, and orange. To these are dAd^&phosph-arseniates and also some 
arseniates of lead, irom Siberia, Cumberland, Saxony, &c., whose che¬ 
mical constitution is not yet perfectly undei*stood; in 
Case 57 B. Phosphate of lime combined with chloride of cahium, 
in some varieties of which this latter constituent is replaced by of 
calcium : among the specimens may be parricularized several very scarce 
and interesting crystallizations of WeiTier’sapa^^,such as the large vio¬ 
let-coloured crystals from St. Petersburg; the groups from Ehrenfrie- 
dersdorf, Maggia on St. Gothard, Traversella in Piedmont, ficc.; the 
