LYCIAN SALOON. 105 
a symbol of Jupiter. They are sculptured in the volcanic stone which 
abounds in the neighbourhood of Rome. 
Below these : Two small shafts of columns, in granite. 
On the floor: Part of a Mosaic pavement, representing the head of 
Neptune {Poseidon), the hair of the head and beard terminating in 
seaweed. Found in the ruins of Carthage, and presented by Hudson 
Gurney, E&q., 1843. 
Near these are placed two architectural models : 
In the Centre of the Room: A model, in cork, of the Flavian Amphi¬ 
theatre at Rome, commonly known as the Coliseum. Presented by 
Philip Hardwick, Esq., R.A., 1852. 
In the sixth recess : Model of the Temple of Vesta, at Tivoli. Pre- 
sented by the Marquis of Exeter. 
In the sixth window, on the sill: 
XVI. A PIG of lead, inscribed M. p. nosciEis. m. f. maic. 
Found at Carthagena, in Spain, and presented by Viscount Palmer- 
ston. M.P., \S^9. 
Returning to the head of the staircase, the door on the left leads to 
the 
LYCIAN SALOON. 
The Sculptures in this Room consist of the remains of ancient cities 
in Lycia, one of the south-west provinces of x4sia Minor, inhabited by 
a mixed population of an aboriginal race called Solymi and Termilge, 
and by the Greeks, who had colonised it at an early period before the 
epoch of the Trojan war. These monuments were removed from 
that country by two expeditions undertaken by Her Majesty’s Govern¬ 
ment in the years 1842 — 1846, under the directions of Sir C. Fellow’s, 
by whom the greater part of them were discovered. They consist of 
sculptured remains, ranging in date from the subjugation of the country 
by the Persians, b.c. 545, to the period of the Byzantine Empire. 
With them are exhibited some plaster casts of certain other sculptures, 
of which the removal was not found practicable, but of which facsimiles 
w’ere necessary as illustrations of the history of art, and as documents 
for the study of a language and written character found in Lycia, and 
apparently peculiar to that part of Asia Minor. These objects are all 
from the city of Xanthus, except w’hen otheiwise specified. 
No. 1. Bas-reliefs from the Harpy tomb, which stood on the 
Acropolis, close to the Theatre. The sculptures, as will be seen by 
the model placed near it, decorated the four sides of a rectangular 
solid shaft, about seventeen feet high, weighing eighty tons, and 
supported a roof with a moulding, inclosing a chamber seven feet 
six inches square, entered by a small low door on the west side. 
This monument w'as never finished, the projection for raising the shaft 
still remaining, and the shaft having been polished only half way up. 
Its base was shaken, probably, by one of those earthquakes by which 
the country is known to have been visited, and two of the slabs on the 
western side w’ere found thrown on the ground. Various conjectural 
explanations of the sculptures have been proposed. The scene on the 
west side [6] has been supposed to represent Hera or Juno seated, and 
holding a cup before the sacred cow of lo and Epaphus, Aphrodite, and 
the three Charites or Graces ; others consider that the tw’o seated 
figures represent Demeter (Ceres), and Kora (Proserpine), and 
