168 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[August 31,1872 
This subject came up for discussion recently at 
Brighton in the Chemical Section of the British 
Association. The occasion was the reading of a 
paper by Mr. W. J. Cooper, who stated that whilst 
treating the roads of London and other towns with 
deliquescent chlorides lie found that the waste 
solution running into the drains, had the effect of 
preventing or retarding the fermentation of sewage, 
which gives rise to the formation of sewage gases, 
and he suggests that by the use of chloride of calcium 
the offensive discharge of gas horn sewers may be 
prevented at a very moderate cost. 
It was already well known that the use of deliques-; 
cent chlorides in street watering was attended with the 
result of removing the ammoniacal odour from urea 
products already formed. The chloride of calcium 
and carbonate of ammonia, reacting upon each other, 
a double decomposition occurs, resulting in the form¬ 
ation of chloride of ammonium and carbonate of 
lime. It was objected by Professor Williamson 
that there seemed to be something contradictory in 
the statement that chloride of calcium would prevent 
a tiling being formed and then catch it after it was 
formed. But the actions claimed for this material 
are twofold and distinct; first, that when added to 
fresh sewage it prevents or retards the fermentation 
which results in the decomposition of urea and the 
production of carbonate of ammonia; secondly, 
that when added to sewage which has already 
undergone fermentation, it combines with the am¬ 
monia to form two inoffensive salts. 
It is worthy of remark, that similar results have 
been independently and simultaneously arrived at 
by Mr. E. C. C. Stanford, and were communicated 
in a paper read before the British Pharmaceutical 
Conference. These experiments seem to leave very 
little doubt that in chloride of calcium we have an 
extremely cheap and effective deodorizer, and, per¬ 
haps, disinfectant. 
We take the liberty of calling the attention of 
our readers to a paragraph on p. 180, respecting 
an effort which is being made to assist the widow 
of a chemist and druggist, whose death was re¬ 
corded in a recent number of the Journal.* The 
case is a painful one, and its consideration led to 
a grant from the Benevolent Fund by the Council 
at their last meeting. 
O 
frrinraal fensaxttora. 
2nd. Proposed by Mr. A. Brady, seconded by Mr.. 
Shaw, and resolved,— 
“ That this Meeting is of opinion that, as the funds of 
the Association are at present too limited to allow of a 
laboratory to he made to any good purpose, it would*be 
advisable to commence the Educational Scheme of this 
year with a Latin class, to be held two hours a week, on 
separate evenings; the fee to be regulated by the num¬ 
ber of pupils.” 
The President (Mr. A. Brady) in his opening speech 
said that it was with no little anxiety that the Com¬ 
mittee had come to the conclusion they had; he did not 
consider the expense a great drawback, as he had no 
doubt but that in a large society such as their own, they 
could. soon overcome that difficulty by a special sub¬ 
scription, but there were other things to be considered ; 
in the first place they would require a demonstrator to 
instruct the pupils, say once or twice a week, then they 
would require a person to be in constant attendance 
upon them to explain all the different reactions, etc. etc. 
As Latin is the stepping-stone to chemistry, he thought 
that they should commence with it, so as to lay a good 
foundation, more especially as a number of the members 
had not passed their classical examination. 
Messrs. Welch, Shaw and Owen all agreed that the 
time had come when they should do all in their power 
to establish a class such as that proposed. 
Mr. R. D. Spene agreed that a Latin class was an. 
excellent thing to have in connection with the Society, 
and he for one would have very great pleasure in joining’ 
it; at the same time he did not see why they should not 
have a laboratory in working order as well as the class. 
He said there were several members working up for their 
“ Minorsome of them being at lodgings, they found it. 
very inconvenient to work their practical chemistry. 
After a considerable amount of discussion, it was 
unanimously agreed that a Latin master be obtained 
to conduct the class as proposed in the motion. It was 
also agreed that a subcommittee be appointed to draw 
up a scheme for a laboratory, to be laid before the com¬ 
mittee at their next meeting. 
The President then announced that he had received a 
reply from the Secretary of the Museum authorities 
granting the use of the museum for a conversazione to 
be held in the beginning of October. He said he would be 
happy to receive anything for exhibition that would be 
suitable and likely to prove of interest to the assembly. 
Specimens of drugs, chemicals, etc., for exhibition may 
also be sent to the Secretary, addressed Mr. G. H. Proc¬ 
tor, 56, Dean Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 
LEEDS CHEMISTS’ ASSOCIATION. 
The result of the examinations in chemistry in con- • 
ncction with the Science and Art Department is very 
favourable, and places the Associates of this Society iru 
the following rank:— 
Organic Chemistry. Teacher. 
Severs, S. T. G. Ward, F.C.S. 1st Advanced- 
Smith, C. A. S. Jefferson, F.C.S. 2nd Advanced. 
TYNESIDE CHEMISTS’ ASSISTANTS’ 
ASSOCIATION. 
A Special Meeting of the above Society was held on 
Monday, August 12th, for the purpose of considering 
the advisability of confirming two motions passed by 
the Committee, at their last meeting. 
1st. Proposed by Mr. Shaw, seconded by Mr. G. Hcs- 
lop, and resolved,— 
“ That this Meeting is of opinion, after due considera¬ 
tion, that it is impracticable to establish a laboratory, 
owing to the expense necessary for the purpose, and that 
for the present the scheme should be abandoned.” 
Inorganic Chemistry. 
*Highmoor, G. S. 
Parkinson, Thos. 
Richardson, J. R. 
riSaville, Wm. 
Stevens Richard 
Exley, John 
Smith, H. H. 
Walker, Geo. 
Burton, A. 
Thomas, W. 
G. Ward, F.C.S. 
17 
77 
17 
71 
77 
17 
77 
77 
77 
71 
71 
17 
77 
71 
17 
17 
S. Jefferson, F.C.S. 
1st Element. 
2nd Element. 
2nd 
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2nd 
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* See ante, p. 36. 
* Passed also in Laboratory practice. 
