252 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. [September 28 , 1872 . 
tions may be continued in the wider and more scientific 
questions which the progress of agriculture may suggest. 
The Government of our country, through the Science 
and Art Department, renders good assistance to the 
teaching of science; and if the recommendations of the 
Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Ad¬ 
vancement of Science he adopted, the introduction of 
practical examinations for the obtaining of certificates 
for a superior grade of science-master will certainly foster 
a spirit of research. It has generally been held that the 
promotion of research is within the legitimate scope of 
Government; and where, as in the case of Aristotle and 
Alexander, genius and industry have been sustained by 
princely munificence, the happiest results have ensued. 
Yet this question of Government aid is a delicate one; 
for genius, when put into swaddling clothes, is apt to be 
stifled by them ; and were science to depend on political 
favour or imperial support it would be a fatal calamity. 
Still I think it will be everywhere admitted that science 
might with propriety be subsidized from the public funds 
in cases where the results may be expected to confer a 
direct benefit upon the community, and where the in¬ 
quiry, either from its expense, its tediousness, its unin¬ 
teresting character, or the amount of co-operation required 
is not likely to be carried out by voluntary effort. The 
astronomical work which is paid for by Government bears 
upon navigation, and answers both these requirements; 
and it is easy to conceive of inquiries in our own science 
that might equally deserve the assistance of the State. 
Some of these might also more than repay the outlay, 
though perhaps the profit would not fall into next year’s 
budget. I believe that this diminution of original re¬ 
search, which we deplore, is partly due to a cause in 
which we rejoice—the recent extension of science-teach¬ 
ing. The professorships of chemistry are scarcely more 
numerous now than they were twenty gears ago, while 
the calls upon the professor’s time in conducting classes 
or looking over examination papers have greatly aug¬ 
mented. Thus, some of the most capable men have been 
drawn away from the investigation of nature; and in 
order to afford sufficient leisure for the purpose, means 
must be found to multiply the number of the professorships 
in our various colleges. While the rudiments of science 
are being infused into our primary education, now happily 
becoming national, while physical science is gradually 
gaining a footing in our secondary and our large public 
schools, and while it is winning for itself an honoured 
place at our universities, it is to be hoped that many new 
investigators will arise, and that British chemists will 
not fall behind in the upward march of discovery, but 
will continue hand in hand with their continental 
brethren thus to serve their own and future generations. 
AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW FOR THE 
PREVENTION OF ADULTERATION OF FOOD 
AND DRINK AND OF DRUGS. 
(l(R/i August , 1872.) 
Whereas the practice of adulterating articles of food 
and drink and drugs for sale, in fraud of Her Majesty’s 
subjects, and to the great hurt of their health and danger 
to their lives, requires to be repressed by more effectual 
aws than those which are now in force for that purpose. 
Be it therefore enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent 
Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this 
present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of 
the same, as follows : 
Penalty on pci'sons adulterating articles of food or drink 
or drugs. 
1. Every person who shall wilfully admix, and every 
person who shall order any other person or persons to 
admix, with any article ot food and drink, any injurious 
or poisonous ingredient or material to adulterate the 
same for sale, and every person who shall wilfully ad¬ 
mix, and every person who shall order any other person 
or persons to admix, any ingredient or material with any 
drug to adulterate the same for sale, shall for the first 
i offence forfeit and pay a penalty not exceeding fifty 
pounds, together with the cost attending such convic¬ 
tion, and for the second offence shall be guilty of a mis¬ 
demeanour, and be imprisoned for a period not exceeding- 
six calendar months, with hard labour. 
Tenuity on persons selling articles of food or drink or 
drugs ivhich they know to have been adulterated. 
2. Every person who shall sell any article of food 
or drink with which to the knowledge of such person 
any ingredient or material injurious to the health of 
persons eating or drinking such article has been mixed, 
and every person who shall sell as unadulterated any arti¬ 
cle of food and drink, or any drug which is adulterated, 
| shall for every such offence, on a summary conviction of 
the same before two justices of the peace at petty ses¬ 
sions in England, or before two justices of the peace 
in the justices of the peace court, or before the 
sheriff substitute of the county, or before any magis¬ 
trate acting under any general or local Police Act 
in Scotland, or before justices at petty sessions or a 
divisional justice in Ireland, forfeit and pay a penalty 
not exceeding twenty pounds, together with such costs 
attending such conviction as to the said justices, sheriff 
substitute, magistrate, or divisional justice shall seerp 
reasonable ; and if any person so convicted shall after¬ 
wards commit the like offence, such justices, sheriff sub¬ 
stitute, magistrate, or divisional justice shall cause such 
. offender’s name, place of abode, and offence to be pub¬ 
lished, at the expense of such oflfendei-, in such news¬ 
paper or in such other manner as to the said justices 
' shall seem desirable. 
Vendor to declare mixture at time of sale. 
3. Any person who shall sell any article of food or 
drink or any drug, knowing the same to have been 
! mixed with any other substance with intent fraudulently 
to increase its weight or bulk, and who shall not declare 
such admixture to any purchaser thereof before deliver¬ 
ing the same and no other, shall be deemed to have sold 
an adulterated article of food or drink or drug, as the 
case may be, under this Act. 
Pharmacy Act , 1868, and 23 21 Viet. c. 81. incorporated 
with this Act. Proviso , 33 § 31 Viet. c. 26. 
4. The Pharmacy Act, 1868, and the Act twenty-third 
and twenty-fourth Victoria, chapter eight-four, for pre¬ 
venting the adulteration of articles of food and drink, 
shall be deemed to be incorporated in this Act: Provi¬ 
ded always, that in the application of this Act to Ireland 
the Act passed in the session of Parliament held in the 
thirty-third and thirty-fourth year of the reign of Her 
present Majesty, chapter twenty-six, intituled “An Act 
I to regulate the sale of poisons in Ireland,” shall be 
i deemed to be incorporated in this Act instead of the 
| Pharmacy Act, 1868. 
Appointment of Analysts. 
5. In the city of London and the liberties thereof, 
the commissioners of sewers of the city of London 
and the liberties thereof, and in all other parts of 
| the metropolis the vestries and district boards acting 
in execution of the Act for the better local manage¬ 
ment of the metropolis, in England the court of 
quarter sessions of every county, and the town 
council of every ^borough having a separate court of 
quarter sessions, or having under any general or local 
Act of Parliament or otherwise a separate police esta¬ 
blishment, in Ireland the gx-and jury of every county, 
| county of a city, and county of a town, and town coun- 
i cil of every borough, and in Scotland tlie commissioners 
I of supply at their ordinary meetings for counties, and 
