November 9,1872.] THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
363 
never have reached. If they merely educate those who 
give themselves for life to professions which depend 
entirely fipon absolute brain-work, such as the law, 
medicine, and divinity, and also the class above these, 
who need not resort to a profession for their existence, 
they will fall vastly below the idea of their founders, and 
they would fall vastly below the reasonable expectation 
of the age in wffiich we live. And yet it was a problem 
to know how they were to reach all the rest of the think¬ 
ing part of the community. It was quite evident that 
the necessary expenses of a regular university career 
could not be met by numbers to whom God has given 
talents, natural and intellectual gifts, and also the higher 
desire which is above those gifts, to use them well. It 
was evident that it was impossible, because of the neces¬ 
sary expense of a complete university curriculum, that 
that curriculum should be opened to numbers of those 
who yet might come under the influence of a university 
education, and it was one of the happiest thoughts of 
these later times, which has, through these local exami¬ 
nations, united our ancient universities with all the 
young blood of England ; not of those only who can 
reside for a regular time in the colleges of the universi¬ 
ties, but of those who are to fill up the vast area of places 
and employments which in this great country require 
intellectual education and the formation of moral habits. 
He was convinced that, in giving to those classes the 
advantages of a searching examination, the universities 
had imparted a great .part of their benefit. After all, 
education, for a great number of those educated, will 
have its high level fixed by the examinations which now 
and then test it. The benefit of that examination was 
that it possessed all the elements which make examina¬ 
tion really valuable. In the first place, it was very real 
and searching. The examination of this year lasted four 
days and a half for the juniors, and for the seniors seven 
days and a half. Therefore, the first element of this 
examination is that it was very searching. It had this 
further element, that, from its very breadth and width, 
it must be a very fair examination. An examination 
conducted in a very small place, upon a very few people, 
before few examiners, upon a very narrow scale of ex¬ 
amination, was very much like the point of a needle 
pricking the skin of a man—it does not scarify the whole 
creature thoroughly; but this examination, applied to 
the whole country, administered by the two great uni¬ 
versities themselves, with every one of their leading 
men taking a part in it, and each having a rub at the 
poor examined creature, does scarify the whole intel¬ 
lectual and moral being of the poor wretch subjected to 
it in a way which undoubtedly makes it a very fair 
examination. Those who are examined know very well 
that no little tricks will do, that there is no possibility 
of getting out of the way of the scarifier, as they might 
get out of the way of a single needle, and that they will 
be caught somewhere, held fast, and well scrubbed till 
it appears what their real mental condition is and what 
it is when they are subjected to this very perilous ana¬ 
lysis. Therefore an examination so complete is 
nationally educating; it does really test what is 
in those "who come up to be examined; and it is, upon 
the whole, a most useful, a most enlivening, and a most 
enlightening process. Of those who do fail, far more fail 
in the necessary subjects than fail in the optional sub¬ 
jects ; indeed, scarcely any fail in the optional. That 
showed that there would be still fewer failures if more 
attention were given to that which is expressively spoken 
of as grinding in the necessaries and less to the optional 
subjects. It must be a disagreeable thing, of course, to 
grind and to be ground. But the process is very neces¬ 
sary ; there is no coming to any good result without it. 
You cannot get imperfectly ground flour to make fine 
bread. I say again, then, grind more upon the necessary 
than upon the optional subjects ; that will have a further 
effect. The percentage of passes to the total number 
examined is 67 ; in the London district it is 62. 
JOHN CARGILL BROUGH, 
For Tex Years Editor of the ‘ Chemist and Drug¬ 
gist,’ and the First Appointed Editor of the 
“ Year Book of Pharmacy.” 
It is proposed to raise by subscription a fund for the 
maintenance and education of the five children who 
rave been left unprovided for, by the untimely death,— 
at the age of thirty-eight,—of this well-known repre¬ 
sentative of Science and Pharmaceutical Literature. 
The late J. C. Brough commenced his career, while 
yet a boy, on the staff of the ‘ Illustrated London News,’ 
on which journal his father held an appointment. He 
was subsequently engaged as a writer for the daily press, 
and was the author of a large number of articles, stories, 
essays, and scientific papers, for various popular maga¬ 
zines and periodicals. 
Among the best known of these earlier works is a 
delightful volume, entitled ‘ Fairy Tales of Science,’ 
which is still regarded as one of the most charming 
examples of his peculiar ability to impart scientific know¬ 
ledge to the young. He, at the same time, devoted himself 
;o scientific pursuits and inquiries, in which he always 
took a lively interest, and eventually became the editor 
of the ‘ Chemist and Druggist,’ as well as editor, and 
indeed, originator, of the ‘ Laboratory,’ a weekly journal 
of physical and chemical science, which was held in 
high repute by leading scientific men both at home and 
abroad. In August, 1869, Mr. Brough, in conjunction 
with two friends, produced ‘ Exeter Change,’ and was 
appointed sub-editor of ‘ Nature ’ at about the same 
time. He was also engaged in the preparation of new 
editions of Cooley’s Encyclopaedia and -other standard 
works for above ten years. 
In July, 1870, he was appointed Principal Librarian 
of the London Institution, an office for which both his 
literary and scientific acquirements, and his geniality of 
disposition, eminently qualified him. In 1867 he had 
lost his wife, and shortly afterwards a widowed sister, 
whose two orphan children he and another sister adopted, 
and continued to support. He was thus left with five 
children dependent on his exertions. Although the 
serious illness, which was ultimately the cause of his 
death, had begun to affect him painfully during the last 
year of his life, he, through all his weakness and pain, 
fulfilled the duties of his office in a most exemplary 
manner. The managers of the Institution in their 
annual reports, bear ample testimony to his indefatigable 
energy and ability. 
In July of this year he went to stay for a time at 
Esher, in the hope of rallying his strength, but became 
rapidly worse, and finally sank on the 7th of September. 
The orphan children on whose behalf this appeal is 
made are:— 
Bennett Hooper Brough, aged 12 years. 
John Watkins Brough, aged 9 years. 
Mary Elizabeth Brough, aged 5 years. 
Mary Chilton, aged 10 years. 
Arthur Chilton, aged 8 years. 
Committee. 
Abraham, Jno., Liverpool. 
Atkins, S. R., Salisbury. 
Attfield, Prof., London. 
Barron, F., London. 
Bentley, Prof., London. 
Betty, S. C., London. 
Brady, H. B., Newcastle. 
Bremridge, Elias, London. 
Brown, W. S., Manchester. 
Carteighe, M., London. 
Deane, H., Clapham. 
Francis, G. B., London. 
Frazer, D., Glasgow. 
Greenish, T., London. 
Hanbury, D., Clapham. 
Haselden, A. F., London. 
Howden, R., London. 
Hills, T. H., London. 
Ince, Joseph, London. 
Mackay, Jno., Edinburgh. 
Matthews, H., London. 
Paul, Dr. B. H., London. 
Reynolds, R., Leeds. 
Sandford, G. W., London. 
Schacht, G. F., Clifton. 
Schweitzer, J., Brighton. 
Stanford, E. C. C., Glasgow. 
Stoddart, W. W., Bristol. 
Sutton, Fras., Norwich. 
Tilden, Dr., Clifton. 
Wade, Jno., London. 
Williams, Jno., London. 
