"November 9, 1872.] 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS 
309 
Lady Students. 
The Secretary said he had received a letter from 
Mrs. Garrett-Anderson and two or three other ladies, 
requesting to know whether at the end of the session 
lady students would he permitted to compete for the 
usual sessional prizes. 
Mr. Brown suggested the consideration of this matter 
: should he postponed until next month. 
Mr. Williams said he saw no reason why they should 
not be admitted. 
The further consideration of the question was de¬ 
ferred. 
PHARMACEUTICAL MEETING. 
Wednesday , November 6 th, 1872. 
MR. A. F. HASELDEN, F.L.S., IN THE CHAIR. 
The following donations to the Library were an¬ 
nounced, and the thanks of the Society were voted to 
the donors:— 
Transactions of the Clinical Society of London, Vol. 
V., from the Society; St. Bartholomew’s Hospital 
Pharmacopoeia, 1773, MS., with notes, etc., and Haslar 
Hospital Pharmacopoeia, 1777, MS., both from Mr. J. 
Pisher, through Professor Attfield; Thesaurus Zeylani- 
•cus Burmanni, from Mr. W. Young; Statistical Tables 
*of Patients, 1871, from St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; 
-University College Calendar, 1872-3 : from the College. 
Mr. Hanbury called attention to some leaves of Rheum 
- officinale , Baillon, a plant recently described in the Phar¬ 
maceutical Journal as the source of the true Chinese 
rhubarb. 
Messrs. Hopkin and Williams exhibited fine speci¬ 
mens of Monobromo-Camphor and Carbazotate of Am¬ 
monia. Mr. Williams said, Monobromo-Camphor has 
lately been brought prominently before the medical 
world by Professor Deneffe, of Ghent, and quite recently 
to the notice of pharmacists by Professor Maisch, of 
New York; it is produced by replacing one atom of hy¬ 
drogen in camphor by an atom of bromine. The body 
was first discovered by Perkin, and originally made by 
the action of bromine upon camphor under pressure in a 
glass tube ; for bromine at ordinary temperatures simply 
.forms the so-called bromide of camphor, which is not a 
.substitution product. At about 130° Cent., however, 
bromine replaces hydrogen in camphor even at ordinary 
temperatures, and the product of the reaction dissolved 
in petroleum oil, as recommended by Professor Maisch, 
or in hot benzol, deposits the bromo compound as it 
' cools, retaining the unaltered camphor in solution. Two 
■ or three recrystallizations from alcohol yield the new 
product in beautiful crystals, and perfectly pure, al¬ 
though still possessing a smell resembling camphor. It 
is, medicinally, a new sedative, and has been recom¬ 
mended in delirium tremens, and various other dis¬ 
orders, in doses of two grains frequently repeated. 
The Carbazotate of Ammonia, Mr. Williams said, had 
lately been recommended as a substitute for quinine. It 
is intensely bitter, but, from the results of experiments 
made many years back upon a corresponding salt, the 
carbazotate (or picrate) of potash, he thought it some¬ 
what doubtful if it would be found to be of great value. 
He also pointed out that care should be taken in mani¬ 
pulating it, as, under certain circumstances, it was vio¬ 
lently explosive. 
Mr. Bland called attention to a specimen of adulte¬ 
rated cochineal, remarking that such samples were 
•common enough in commerce years ago, but it was many 
years since he had seen any of it adulterated to anything 
like the extent of that before them. The cochineal in 
this instance was loaded with about 20 per cent, of 
foreign substance, consisting principally of sulphate of 
; barium. 
Mr. Greenish drew attention to a very beautiful study 
of the common foxglove, -which had been photographed 
and presented to the Society by Mr. Frank Good, the 
son of a member. Specimens of Gill’s ‘ Triangular 
Poison Bottle’ were exhibited, and also some asthma 
pastilles, presented by Mr. Hustwick, of Liverpool, and 
prepared from the following formula:— 
Asthma Pastilles . 
Pasteboard, broken down with hot water, 4 oz. 
Nitrate of Potash, 2 ounces. 
Belladonna. 
Stramonium. 
Digitalis. 
Lobelia Infiata, all in powder, each 20 grains. 
Myrrh and Olibanum, of each 2 drachms and a half. 
Incorporate all these with the paste, divide the mass 
in shape little pastiles. Burn them in a saucer in a 
well shut room. 
Tincture of Orange Peel. 
The President (Mr. A. F. Haselden) then read a 
paper on “Tincture of Orange Peel.” 
[The paper is printed at p. 361, and gave rise to the 
following discussion.] 
Mr. Sandford, referring to a specimen of the tincture 
made by himself, said he had used fresh peel, cut ex¬ 
tremely thin. He had not used rectified spirit but proof 
spirit, and had allowed it to macerate for a long time to 
get the fine colour it presented. The specific gravity of 
the specimen before them was *935. He certainly 
thought that this was very much better than any tinc¬ 
ture made from the dried peel. It had been objected 
that the tincture made in this way changed by keeping, 
but he had kept some of it for a long time, and never 
found any appreciable difference between the old and 
the new. He did not think there was any loss of tinc¬ 
ture at all. 
Mr. Groves said he had made experiments with fresh 
peel, peel recently dried, and old peel, and he found in 
the case of the fresh peel that in making a vinum 
quinite there was a precipitate formed, and after that 
had been taken off, there was in a day or two another 
precipitate, which -was white. At first he had some 
suspicion that it was derived from some impurity in the 
quinine. He examined the quinine, and then went back 
to the tincture, and he found that that which was made 
from the undried peel contained a soluble salt of lime, 
which when mixed with the quinine became deposited. 
There was another objection against the use of fresh 
peel. He dried his fresh peel, ascertained exactly the 
quantity of water, and then made allowance for that 
amount in the proof spirit. He found that in cold 
weather this tincture threw off a considerable quantity 
of essential oil, and was rather unmanageable on that 
account. The result of his experiments was that re¬ 
cently dried peel was better than either fresh or old 
peel. 
Mr. Sandford mentioned that if they bought tho 
oranges, and cut the peel themselves they should be 
very particular to get the true Seville oranges. He was 
once deceived by some Palermo oranges, which were 
like Seville oranges in appearance, but made a very 
different tincture, and left an after taste in the mouth 
something like that of quassia. 
Mr. Williams asked whether there was any distinc¬ 
tive mark or method of distinguishing between the two 
sorts. 
Mr. Sandford said they could hardly tell except by 
tasting the peel, when they could distinguish directly 
the Palermo oranges by the peculiar bitter taste. 
Mr. Greenish remarked that in some continental 
pharmacopoeias a much stronger proof spirit was re¬ 
commended than that used in this country for making 
tinctures, and double the quantity of peel. 
Mr. Umney asked Mr. Haselden whether he could 
give them any idea why fresh peel was discarded in the 
Pharmacopoeia of 1836, whilst it was ordered in that 
