THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. [December 28,1672,- 
oOS 
culiar property of being able to extract rapidly tbe oxy¬ 
gen from tbe peroxide of manganese. The tin causes in 
time a little local action, but if it be left out, the mer¬ 
cury by itself cannot so rapidly extract the oxygen, and 
the local action caused by the tin is very small indeed. 
Next the “ Grove,” a high potential, very little resist¬ 
ance, even an increase of potential as the liquid gets 
warm; Bunsen the same; but both, after a short time, 
producing intolerable poisonous fumes, which produce 
dangerous inflammation of the lungs, take away the 
voice, and when a man’s system has once been injured 
by them, act upon the lungs on subsequent occasions 
with the utmost rapidity. Eor myself, I am now so sen¬ 
sitive to them that I cannot expose myself to them for 
even a few minutes without losing my voice, and my 
chest getting seriously affected; besides, they are far 
from permanent, as a few hours exhaust their power. 
Next, I try the bichromate battery, without porous 
cells ; small resistance, high potential, but soon losing 
its power, and very expensive and wasteful in use, de¬ 
stroying itself by a single night’s action. Next, the 
bichromate, with a porous cell, high potential, moderate 
resistance, moderate constancy, but very expensive in 
use. Next, let me take my own form, which, for general 
practical use—as for induction coils, for keeping up a 
powerful magnetic action when required, and other such 
purposes—I think is far superior to all others. Zinc in 
salt, carbon packed in granulated carbon and peroxide 
of manganese, filled in with dilute sulphuric acid, mixed 
with a little nitric and chromic acids. Here is very 
high potential, as I showed you before, moderate resist¬ 
ance and great constancy. I have had them standing 
for months, used occasionally, and using but little of 
their original potential. 
For electro-plating, in power, convenience and long 
endurance, they exceed all others. Some electro-platers 
prefer iron as the positive, some zinc ; for each has his 
own peculiar preferences and modes of working; but 
they are now becoming largely adopted, having more 
than the power of the Bunsen, without the incon¬ 
veniences, and lasting, I may say, thirty times the length 
of time. Some electro-platers have had them in daily use 
for two months at a time. The chromic acid has the 
especially valuable property of absorbing all nitrous 
fumes. 
To show you the power of the battery, here is an 
electro-magnet magnetized by a single cell. I will defy 
the strongest man in this room to separate the soft iron 
keeper from the magnet. 
"Where very great constancy and a very large current 
of electricity is not required, the nitric and chromic 
acids may be omitted, and then the local action becomes 
next to nothing; but with the latter a moderate-sized 
battery of a single cell has been used for plating six 
dozen forks at once. 
I am afraid that I have occupied you too long, but, 
as it is, I have been obliged to compress my matter un¬ 
duly, and to omit many points on which I should have 
wished to dilate. 
APPEARANCE OF SWEET AND SKIM MILK UNDER 
THE MICROSCOPE,* 
BY M. BOUSSIXGAU.LT. 
Butter-milk under the microscope appears very differ¬ 
ent from milk from which no butter has been made; it 
contains, however, a certain amount of the characteristic 
butter-globules. 
The author’s experiments show that the fourth part of 
the entire amount of butter remains in the butter-milk. 
In sweet milk the butter globules are numerous and 
* Dingl. Polyt. J., ecv. 65-68, and from the ‘Journal of 
the Chemical Society.’ 
crowded together; in butter-milk they are fewer, and 
widely separated from one another. 
By the gathering together of these butter-globules, 
cream is formed on the surface of milk—milk which 
contained 3'62 per cent, butter, after standing 24 hours, 
still showed 1*4 per cent.—so that all the butter glo¬ 
bules do not collect in the cream; a good cream con- ■ 
tains 37-40 per cent, butter. 
Skim milk contains less butter than butter-milk; the 
latter is therefore often adulterated with the former, but 
this admixture of skim milk may be detected by the- 
the microscope. 
THE BROUGH FUND. 
For the Maintenance and Education of the Five Children; 
who have been left unprovided for, by the untimely 
death of the late 
JOHN CARGILL BROUGH. 
Secoxd List op Subscbiptioxs. 
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