682 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[.March 1,1873. 
a plate of quartz interposed between two Nicol 
prisms. The spectrum is divided by 12 distinct 
bands of equal optical value, of which 3 and 4, 
counting from the red end of the spectrum, are re¬ 
spectively on each side of the well-known Fraunhofer’s 
line D, or the sodium line (3-£). 
COMPARATIVE SOLUBILITY OF VARIOUS 
SALTS OF QUININE IN WATER AND 
GLYCERINE* 
gram to 0‘060 gram—would be insufficient probably 
for any practical good. 
But in (jlycerine the sulphate is much more 
soluble, one gram of that salt dissolving— 
At 100° C. in 4 grams of glycerine. 
6o° ,, 10 ,, ,, 
40° „ 20 „ 
0 Q „ 40 „ 
Hydrochlorate of Quinine. —The hydrochlorate, 
as is well known, is more freely soluble than the 
sulphate, one gram dissolving in— 
BY M. SCHLAGDENHAUFFEN. 
The inconveniences attending the ordinary modes 
of preparing a concentrated solution of a salt of 
quinine for the purpose of hypodermic injection, in 
cases where its administration in any other way is 
not so well tolerated by the patient, have caused M. 
Schlagdenhauffen, who is pharmacien en chef of the 
civil hospitals at Nancy, to undertake a thorough 
investigation of the subject, with the object of de¬ 
termining the salt and the solvent best suited for the 
purpose. Beginning with a series of experiments as 
to the solvent powers of pure water and acidulated 
water at varying temperatures upon the better-known 
salts as well as several more seldom met with, he 
next proceeded to test their solubility in glycerine. 
The general results of these experiments may be 
summed up as follows :— 
Sulphate of Quinine. —The relative insolubility of 
this salt in cold water renders it unsuitable for use 
in subcutaneous injections. The author found that 
to dissolve 1 gram of the sulphate it required 
25 c.c. 
of water at 100*0 
40 c.c. 
99 
88° 
55 c.c. 
99 
80° 
85 c.c. 
99 
65° 
100 c.c. 
99 
68* 
120 c.c. of water at 
50° C 
200 c.c. 
99 
30° 
255 c.c. 
99 
20° 
265 c.c. 
99 
15° 
300 c.c. 
99 
0° 
When sulphuric acid was added in the proportion 
of 5, 10, or 15 drops to 100 c.c. of water, it required 
to dissolve 1 gram of sulphate of quinine— 
5 drops. 
10 drops. 
15 drops 
At 100* C. . 
. 24 c.c. . 
. 17 c.c. . 
. 9 c.c. 
80° . . 
. — 
• " • 
. 12 „ 
70° . . 
. — 
• 20 ,, 
• " 
62° . . 
. 40 „ . 
• ' • 
- — 
56° . . 
• " • 
. 15 ,, 
35° . . 
• 54 „ .' 
. 27 „ . 
3C° . . 
’ 16 „ 
18° . . 
. — 
• 30 „ 
0° . . 
• 70 „ . 
. 35 ,, 
• 17 „ 
When water acidulated with hydrochloric acid 
was used to obtain similar results, 7, 13, and 18 
drops of the acid were required, and of lactic acid 
10, 15, and 20 drops. In a mixture of lactic acid, 
chlorides and phosphates, corresponding to the com¬ 
position of the gastric juice, the sulphate dissolves 
with facility,—1 gram requiring 40 c.c. at from 30° 
to 40°. From this the author concludes that the 
quantities usually administered in powders by medi¬ 
cal men may be completely dissolved in the stomach. 
M. Sclilagdenhauffien considers that these aqueous 
solutions of sulphate of quinine are at once too 
feeble and too acid for hypodermic injection; since 
the addition of so much acid would of necessity 
cause irritation, while the quantity of sulphate con¬ 
tained in each syringeful—not more than from 0 - 015 
* Abstracted from papers in c L’Union Pharmaeeutique,’ 
vo . xiii. pp. 101, 132, and 352. 
24 c.c. of water at 0 Q C. 5 c.c. of water at 40° C. 
18 „ „ 15° 4 „ „ 55° to 100° 
12 „ „ 22 ° 
The addition of hydrochloric acid augments the 
solubility, the following being the quantity of water 
required to dissolve one gram, when 1, 2, or 8 drops 
of acid are added to each 100 c.c.:— 
1 drop. 
O'o c.c. at 52° C. 
1 c.c. „ 45° 
4 c.c. ,, 37° 
6 c.c. ,, 30° 
17 c.c. ,, 08 
2 drops. 
O'o c.c. at 45° O 
1 c.c. „ 40° 
2 c.c. ,, 35° 
5 c.c. ,, 25° 
16 c.c. „ 0 Q 
8 drops. 
0'oc.c. at42 c G 
1 
c.c. 
99 
34° 
3 
c.c. 
99 
25° 
10 
c.c. 
99 
12* 
14 
c.c. 
99 
0° 
It will thus be seen that by using an aqueous 
solution of the hydroclilorate—especially if two 
drops of acid be added, in which state its acidity is 
not discernible by litmus paper—a syringe contain¬ 
ing one cubic centimetre would introduce a much 
larger proportion of quinine than when the sulphate 
is used. 
In (jlycerine the hydroclilorate is very soluble, re¬ 
quiring only two or three times its weight to dissolve 
completely and to remain dissolved at 0* C. 
A comparison of the solubility of these two salts 
in glycerine and in water, shows that at the tempera¬ 
ture of melting ice they are both about eight times 
more soluble in the former vehicle than in the latter, 
and that this difference diminishes in proportion as 
the temperature is raised. The same remark ap¬ 
plies to the butyrate of quinine described further on. 
The acetate, formate, lactate and sulphovinate are 
also more soluble in glycerine than in water, but the 
difference is not so great as in the preceding. 
liypophosphite of Quinine .—If one equivalent of 
sulphate of quinine be heated to boiling in a suffi¬ 
ciency of water to completely dissolve it, and added 
to two equivalents of liypophosphite of baryta, also 
dissolved in boiling water, the sulphate of baryta 
removed by filtration, and the solution carefully 
evaporated, a neutral liypophosphite of quinine is ob¬ 
tained, one gram of which after drying in a water 
bath, dissolves in the following proportions of 
water:— 
At 87° C. to 100° . . 1 c.c. 
70° „ . . 2 „ 
50° „ • • 4 „ 
At 37° C. 
24° 
0 ° 
99 
99 
6 c.c. 
8 „ 
12 „ 
At a temperature of 12 Q C. 1 c.c. of water dissolves 
1 decigram of this salt, and a neutral solution is 
thus formed, containing enough salt of quinine to 
allow of febrile attacks being treated with one or two 
syringefuls. This solution has already been success- 
full}^ employed in the Strasbourg Civil Hospital. 
The superior solubility of the hypophospliite is 
shown by the fact that if an alkaline sulphate or very 
dilute sulphuric acid be added to such a solution 
as that mentioned, the precipitate formed is so 
abundant that the vessel containing it might be 
