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THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[April 19, 1873. 
quartz crystals are divided. In my hand I hold a plate, 
one-half of which consists of a right-handed and the 
other half of a left-handed crystal. Placing the plate in 
front of the polarizer, and turning one of the Nicols until 
the two halves of the plate show a common puce-colour, 
we have an exceedingly sensitive means of rendering the 
action of a magnet upon light visible. You observe that 
by turning either the polarizer or the analyser through 
the smallest angle, the uniformity of the colour disappears, 
and the two halves of the quartz show different colours. 
The magnet also produces this effect. The puce-coloured 
circle is now before you on the screen. Exciting the 
magnet, one-half of the image becomes suddenly red, the 
other half green. Interrupting the current, the two 
colours fade away and the primitive puce is restored. 
And now observe that the action depends upon the po¬ 
larity of the magnet, or in other words, on the direction of 
the current which surrounds the magnet. Reversing the 
current the red and green reappear, but they have 
changed places. The red was formerly to the right and 
the green to the left; the green is now to the right and 
the red to the left. With the most exquisite ingenuity 
Faraday analysed all these actions and stated their laws. 
This experiment, however, long remained rather as a 
scientific curiosity than as a fruitful germ. That it would 
bear fruit of the highest importance, Faraday felt pro¬ 
foundly convinced, and recent researches are on the way 
to verify his conviction. 
(To be continued.) 
SECRETIONS IN PLANTS. 
M. Van Tieghem has lately published a series of 
observations on the glands and reservoirs for secre¬ 
tions in plants, which it may be remembered were 
carefully studied, as far as circumstances would allow, 
two centuries ago, by our countryman, Nehemiah Grew. 
M. Van Tieghem shows that there are special cells set 
apart for the formation of special secretions. These 
cells may be isolated or aggregated. If on the surface 
or epidermis, they constitute the glandular hairs so 
common in plants ; if in the interior of a plant they may 
—1, retain their original form ; or, 2, they may be 
developed into branching tubes which are insinuated 
between the other cells, as in the branched laticiferous 
tubes of Euphorbias. If grouped they may form, 3, a 
special layer, as in Acorus; or, 4, they may be grouped 
into compact masses, as in the glands of the Orange and 
Myrtle ; or, 5, they may be superposed in vertical ranks, 
may be simple or branched, and with or without oblitera¬ 
tion of the party-walls or partitions, as in the true lati- 
ciferous vessels of Arads and Poppies ; or, lastly, they 
may be arranged in a series of longitudinal threads ranged 
around an air canal or lacuna, the walls of which they 
line with a sort of epithelium of secreting cells.— Gardeners’ 
Chronicle. 
CHILBLAINS. 
The British Medical Journal quotes a paragraph 
from the ApotheJcer Zeitung describing a solution of 
iodine and tannin, which F. Rhien has found to be a 
very efficient remedy for chilblains. About an ounce of 
tannin is dissolved in a pint of water, and 74 grains of 
iodine in If oz. of spirit of wine ; the solutions are then 
mixed and enough water added to make the whole up to 
24 pints. In applying it, which is best done at bed-time, 
the mixture is gently warmed over a slow fire, the affected 
part is dipped into it while still cold, and retained in it 
until the liquid on being stirred feels uncomfortably hot. 
The vessel is then withdrawn from the fire and the 
affected part dried over it. The vessel must be of earthen¬ 
ware or porcelain, and care must be taken not to use too 
much iodine, especially when abrasions are present. 
THE JOHN CARGILL BROUGH FUND. 
Additional Subscription. 
Watson, Cleave, and Co., Shanghai .£5 0 0 
A meeting of the General Committee, Mr. Daniel Han- 
bury, F.R.S., presiding, was held, by permission, at the 
London Institution on Tuesday, the 8th of April, when 
the Hon. Secretaries, Mr. Michael Carteighe, Mr. Alfred 
Marks, and Mr. W. Chandler Roberts, submitted their 
report and accounts, as also a scheme for administering 
the fund. In the report, it was stated that an appeal on 
behalf of the children had been made to the proprietors 
of the London Institution, the fellows of the Royal and 
Chemical Societies, and the members of the Royal In¬ 
stitution, and to others. The subscriptions received, 
including a grant from the Royal Bounty Fund of £150, 
in reply to a memorial drawn up by Mr. Roberts, and 
submitted by the Deputy-Master of the Mint, amount to 
about £1,500. In addition, subscriptions amounting to 
£200 are promised by the Savage Club, of which Mr. 
Brough was a member, and the sum of about £400 will be 
contributed by the Committee of Chemists and Druggists. 
After deducting expenses the net aggregate amount will 
be nearly £2,000. 
A deed of trust of the usual kind was approved by 
the Committee, and the first trustees were appointed— 
Mr. Daniel Hanbury, F.R.S., Mr. Thomas Hyde Hills, 
and Mr. Michael Carteighe. It provides for the appoint¬ 
ment of three trustees, in whose names investments in the 
ordinary trust securities are to be made. Power is given 
to the trustees to apply the interest, and such part of the 
capital as they may consider necessary, to the support, etc., 
of the children ; the trust to terminate on the attainment 
of the age of twenty-one by the youngest child, when the 
unapplied portion of the fund to be paid to such one or 
more as the trustees may think proper. Vacancies in the 
number of trustees to be filled, if practicable, from mem¬ 
bers of the Committee, if not, from the subscribers. 
The report further stated that two presentations to 
Christ’s Hospital had been placed at the disposal of the 
family—one by a friend, the other by Mr. Alderman 
McArthur, M.P., the case having been investigated and 
recommended to him by Mr. Deputy Webster. 
The Secretaries expressed their full confidence in the 
ability and judgment of Miss Brough, the aunt of the 
children, who has undertaken their guardianship, finding 
in her devotion the best reason for regarding with hopeful¬ 
ness the children’s future. After a warm acknowledge¬ 
ment of the valuable assistance rendered by the membeis 
of the various committees, and especially by Mr. Thomas 
Piper, the Hon. Secretary of the London Institution, the 
report terminated as follows :—“The Honorary Secretaries 
feel that they would not be justified in concluding this 
report without assuring the General Committee that the 
generous sympathy and aid extended to the children 
have deeply touched the family, who regard the list of 
the several committees, comprising as it does so many 
honoured and distinguished names, as affording enduring 
testimony to the respect and affection in which Mr. 
Brough’s memory is held.” 
The resolutions required to carry out the scheme having 
been passed unanimously, votes of thanks were accorded to 
the Treasurer of the Fund, Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., 
F.R.S., Mr. Alderman McArthur, M.P., Mr. Deputy 
Webster, and the Chairman of the meeting. 
Belladonna as an Antidote in Opium Poison¬ 
ing, —In the Shanghai Hospital Reports for 1872 Dr. 
Johnston states that he has successfully employed atropia 
in cases of opium poisoning, a large number of which have 
come under his care. He has administered it hypoder¬ 
mically in quantities varying from one quarter to one-half 
a grain, repeating the injection if necessary after two 
hours. He did not find that injury resulted from the use 
of atropia in any of these cases .—-Medical Record. 
