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22 JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. c January 11 .is&s. 
do so on a range of new vineries. Two-inch tee and angle- 
iron is employed for these plant structures. For large vineries 
with a length of 20 to 24 feet of roof a stronger make will he 
required.—E. P. B. 
CULTURE OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS FOR EXHIBITION. 
I wish to make a few remarks through your valuable Journal 
with regard to the production of good flowers of the Chrysan¬ 
themum. In reply to your correspondent “ J. D.” (page 556, 
last volume), one of the main features which will lead to 
success are never to let the plants receive a check. I much 
prefer striking the cuttings singly in small thumb pots not 
later than the end of February ; allow them to remain in these 
till the pots are full of roots, which will be about the third 
week in March ; shift them into pots two sizes larger, in which 
they can remain till the end of April, ihen transfer them 
into 6-inch pots, using moderately good soil. The plants 
remain in these until the middle of June, and the early-flower¬ 
ing varieties ten days or a fortnight later, when they are placed 
in 8 or 9-inch pots. The soil I employ is a strong loam, with 
about a sixth of leaf soil with a little bone dust or crushed 
oystershells. 
The Chrysanthemum requires very firm po ting, a little soot 
mixed with the soil being beneficial, and careful drainage is 
essen ial. I make a point of no. overfilling the pots, leaving 
from 1 to inch of space for top-dressing. This is given about 
the middle of September. A mixture of equal parts of fibry loam 
and well-decayed fowl or pigeon manure is placed about half 
an inch deep on the surface, leaving the other space till the 
middle of October, when the same mixture is employed, with 
the addition of a little guano. I think it matters very li tie 
what kind of liquid manure is chosen if i; be used judiciously, 
It would be a difficult matter to lay down a rule on this point, 
as some varieties require more feeding than others. 
To ripening the wood I pay very little attention, as it is 
impossible to retain the foliage where the wood is ripened and 
to have good plants with foliage covering the po s. The wood 
must not be too ripe : the best and larges; flowers are produced 
on rather soft wood. 
One of the main points which leads to success is stopping 
at ihe right period This requires much judgment, as some 
varie ies need stopping as early as the last week in April, say 
Mr. Brunlees, while o hers should not be s opped till wi hin a 
fortnight of the time of their final pot ing. 
To bring perfect Chrysan hemums, whether incurved or 
Japanese, they require both heat and air night and day. When 
unfolding their blooms they will stand more heat than many 
suppose, but must have plenty of air after the flowers show 
colour. I use shading in bright sunny weather, as many of the 
colours are very delicate and soon become pale : white turns 
lilac, and lilac becomes almost white ; besides, the incurved 
varieties will soon reflex and become useless for exhibition, 
especially for grouping. 
I am convinced than several varieties are synonymous. For 
instance, Golden Queen and Emily Dale, Queen of England and 
Princess Royal, are alike. Empress of India, White Queen, 
and Mrs. Cunningham are also much alike, and there are several 
others. I will say more on a future date.—A Grower and 
Exhibitor. 
VENTILATION. 
This is a subject of general interest to gardeners, and, 
although I have no doubt that to the majority it is a mere 
matter of daily routine, and causes little or no perplexity, I 
mud confess that I cannot look at it in that light ; in fact I 
think that if any subject needs ventilating it is ventilation. 
I am well aware that if I were to quote different writers to 
the horticultural press an abundant weight of evidence would 
lie on the side of free ventilation, while a few lines would 
suffice for any to the contrary. However, to start with a high 
authority. Mr. Taylor in his recent articles on Grape-growing 
says, on page 338, vol. iv , of the Journal, “ Unless a house is 
glazed closer than I ever saw one it is not necessary to open 
the ventilators merely for an interchange of air." The Lanca¬ 
shire system of Cucumber-growing has often been alluded to in 
these pages lately, especial mention having been made of Mr. 
Whittaker’s nursery at Prescot by Mr. Bardney and others, 
and it has been pointed out how not only Cucumbers but large 
quantities of sturdy plants of various kinds are grown in 
large houses without any ventilators whatever ; and yet Mr. 
Iggulden a week or two after, writing on winter Cucumbers, 
insisted on the importance of ventilating on all favourable 
occasions. 
I think that ventilation is often overdone. We endeavour 
to obtain what we consider a suitable condition of atmosphere 
in regard to heat and moisture at great labour and cost, and 
immediately use means to get rid of the same as speedily as 
possible. Science should help us here. We know that a room 
filled with human beings soon becomes unfit to live in if there 
be no ventilation, and we have no difficulty in learning how 
many cubic feet of fresh air a man requires in a given time; 
but we want to know to what extent plants vitiate the air, or 
what property there is in fresh air that they require, and how 
much. 
I may mention that at the present time I am chiefly inter¬ 
ested in Orchids, and diligently road all I can on the subject. 
The stereotyped directions are, at least in the growing season, 
“ plenty of atmospheric moisture with abundance of air," con¬ 
ditions easy to maintain perhaps with a genial moisture-laden 
south-west breeze; but how with a dry north-easter? Then 
it seems to me, as I have seen it before expressed, like trying 
to damp the air of the whole country side. 
“ I could a tale unfold," which, if the reader has any sym¬ 
pathy for the tender feelings of plants, would “ harrow up his 
soul ; " and if the recital did not ‘‘ freeze his blood in his veins " 
the reality did do so most effectually, for a batch of Phalse- 
nopsids just pushing into growth after their long voyage was 
ruined, although it was done with the kind intention of giving 
them air. 
In conclusion, in all ordinary glass houses where a consider¬ 
able difference between the outside and inside temperature 
exists, is it necessary to open the ventilators to change the air? 
Will not the radiation of heat from the hot-water pipes 
prevent stagnation ? and does any tropical plant in its native 
habitat ever experience anything like British east wind ?— 
J. J., Lancashire. 
DUKE OF ALBANY PEA; 
The new year is not an inappropriate time to refer to new 
vege'ables, and amongst these must be included the Pea in 
question. When we remember the splendid Peas that have 
been introduced during the past few years it is evident that a 
new comer must possess high qualities to obtain a creditable 
position. The Duke of Albany does possess high qualities ; 
the rows of it at Riverdale last year, where it was raised by 
Mr. Abbott, surpassed all others in the same garden, where all 
the best were grown in the most satisfactory manner. 
The Duke of Albany is the result of a cross between 
Abbott’s Hallamsliire Hero, a variety of superior quality, and 
Culverwell’s Telegraph. It is a wrinkled Marrow, growing 
5 or 6 feet high, and bears its large dark green pods in pairs, 
the rows being laden with them. They were larger than those 
of Telegraph, not quite so much curved, and covered with a 
dense bloom. The peas are large, from nine to eleven in a 
pod, deep rich green in colour, and in this respect and flavour 
being quite equal to Ne Plus Ultra. But the new Pea is much 
earlier than this old favourite, for on some of both being sown 
on June 12th the Duke gave an abundant yield of fine pods, 
while Ne Plus Ultra in the cold Sheffield district failed to fill 
any pods at all. Judging by the rows in the Sheffield garden, 
and by a sample of Peas cooked and served at table, it is fair 
to describe the Duke of Albany as a very large early Ne Plus 
Ultra, and higher praise than that few, if any, Peas can merit. 
The new Pea has been frequently exhibited, and has been 
awarded five certificates at local shows, at which all the lead¬ 
ing varieties have been represented. As the stock of this Pea 
has, as I understand, passed into the hands of Messrs. Hurst 
and Son, London, for distribution, cultivators will have an 
opportunity of trying this new claimant to popular favour. If 
