JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 
January 25, 1883. ] 
first, and syringing, the Fuchsias especially, twice a day in bright weather, 
pinching off the points of the shoots when they have grown 3 or 4 inches, 
training the leader to a stake, you may perhaps accomplish your object, but 
everything depends upon your cultural skill. Stopping the shoots must cease 
within seven or eight weeks of the show. Suitable soil will be two-thirds of 
fresh turfy loam, the remainder decayed manure and wood ashes, with a tenth 
part of sand, more or less according to the texture of the loam. This soil and 
general treatment will apply also to the Pelargoniums, but they need more sun 
and less syringing than the Fuchsias. By applying weak liquid manure after 
the pots are filled with roots you may easily have Fuchsias 2 feet high in 7-inch 
pots ; but it is usual to grow Pelargoniums more dwarf and bushy. Good dark 
Fuchsias for your purpose are Improvement and Victor Emanuel; good lights, 
White Souvenir de Chiswick and Starlight. Good Zonal Pelargoniums are Henry 
Jacoby, crimson : Miss Hamilton, blush pink ; A. F. Barron, scarlet; and Fanny 
Catlin, salmon. By limiting yourself to the prescribed number you may fail, and 
you should leave a margin lor accidents or mistakes. Two useful foliage plants 
are Latauia borbonica and Ficus elastica ; you cannot easily fail with these. 
Cropping Land Profitably (J. B. IF.).—As so much depends on the 
skill of the cultivator and his aptitude for commercial gardening, it is impossible 
to give a categorical reply to such letters as the one before us. The nature of 
the soil, too, is a matter of importance in determining a question of this nature. 
AVe presume Snowdrops and Crocuses do well with you. For the former there 
is a good demand. Lilies of the Valley might be grown profitably for selling 
the crowns or flowers, or both. With high culture crowns equal to those im¬ 
ported might, we think, be grown in your district, but whether by yourself or 
not we cannot say. If Violets thrive well they are very profitable, and you 
could easily send bunches to all the most important markets of the north. We 
make these suggestions, but cannot incur the responsibility of indicating a 
series of crops, for the demand for most things varies from year to year. 
Grubs in Celery Leaves (A. C. D .).—The leaf you have sent contains 
larva; of the Celery fly (Tephritis onopordinis). In the autumn it is very com¬ 
mon to observe part of the leaves of Celery plants blistered and turned yellow, 
and this occurs occasionally to such an extent that their growth is checked and 
their size diminished. If the withered parts are examined and the skin of the 
blisters is raised there will be found beneath it some small green grubs that have 
eaten away all the green pulp (parenchyma) of the parts so withered. These 
grubs are the larva; of the Celery fly. The grubs may be found in the leaves of 
the Celery in June, July, September, October, and November, for there are two 
or more broods of them in the course of the year. The grubs, through less fre¬ 
quently, are found doing similar damage to the leaves of Alexanders and Pars¬ 
nips. When full grown the grubs descend into the earth and remain in the 
chrysalis state until the spring following, when they give birth to the fly. The 
Celery fly may usually be found upon the leaves of the Laurel, hovering over 
flowers and resting upon palings in the sunshine, from the middle of May to the 
end of July. It is one of the most beautiful of the English two-winged flies, and 
has been thus described by Mr. Westwood The general colour of the body, 
which is five-jointed, varies from rusty brown to shining black; head buff, with 
black hairs ; legs yellow ; thorax sprinkled with long black hairs ; wings black, 
with various pale spots ; eyes green. The whole length of the insect is not 
more than one-sixth of an inch, and its wings when outspread barely half an 
inch across. The motions of this fly are very peculiar. Seated upon a leaf in 
the sunshine, the wings are partially extended, yet partially elevated, and it has 
a sidling kind of motion. The withered leaves of the Celery should be picked 
off and the grubs within them crushed as soon as seen. Mr. Westwood suggests 
that a string smeared with birdlime and stretched over the Celery plants might 
catch many of the parents. It will be a wise precaution to grow your Celery 
next year as far distant as possible from the site of the present crop. 
The Cobham or Pope’s Apple (J. Tliam ).—The fruits you have sent nre 
of this fine variety, of which we seldom receive specimens. It is described as 
follows in the "Fruit Manual “Fruit large, ovale, handsomely and 
regularly formed. Skin clear yellow, tinged with greenish patches, and strewed 
with dark dots ; on the side next the sun it is marked with a few faint streaks 
of crimson. Eye large and open, like that of the Blenheim Pippin, and set in 
a wide and plaited basin. Stalk short, deeply inserted in a round cavity, which 
is lined with rough russet. Flesh yellowish, tender, crisp, sugary, ami juicy, 
with a rich and excellent flavour. A very valuahle Apple either for the dessert 
or culinary purposes ; it is in use from November to March. This variety has 
a'l the properties of the Blenheim Pippin, and is much superior to it, keeps 
longer and has the great advantage of being an early and abundant bearer. 
An excellent dessert Apple, with somewhat of the flavour of Ribston Pippin. 
September to .Tanuarv. Dr. Hogg met with this excellent Apple in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Sittingboume, in Kent, about the year 1842. The account he 
received of it was, that the original tree grew in the garden of a cottager of the 
name of Pope, at Cellar Hill, in the parish of Linstead near Sittingboume. It 
was highly prized by its owner, to whom the crop afforded a little income, and 
m'anv were the unsuccessful applications of his neighbours for grafts of what 
became generally known as Pope’s Apple. The proprietor of Pope’s cottage 
built a row of other dwellings adjoining, in the gardens of which there were no 
fruit trees, and, for the sake of uniformity, he cut down Pope’s Apple tree, not¬ 
withstanding the offer of twenty shillings a-year more rent to spare it. The 
tree being condemned, was cut down in 1846, at which period it was between 
fifty and sixty years old. The name of Cobham was given to it by Kirke the 
nurseryman at Brompton, by whom trees were distributed. 
Feeding Last Year’s Swarms (Lux ').—Though the two stocks—last 
year’s swarms -which you have lately purchased are light, they are not in im¬ 
mediate want of food, and though b es do not eat much in the winter months, 
we advi-e you to begin feeding yours slowly—that is to say, give them small 
doses of syrup two or three times a week. This process is now called gentle 
stimulative feeding. If the weather remain mild, so that the bees can safely 
go abroad for water, the little food given will much assist the bees by causing 
them to breed. One pound of sugar made into good syrup will be ample for 
both hives weekly for at least a month. As the hives increase in strength and 
the bees in activity more food will be required. As the season advances the 
numerical strength of hives and the large cakes of brood that are built have to 
be considered in the administration of food, and it is always well to let the 
bees have enough In unpropitious weather, about the beginning of April, 
1 lb. of syrup per hive per week is not more than enough. In early spring feed¬ 
ing it is important to keep hives warmly covered. 
Light Hives (K. B .).—As your hive3 are very light, and as breeding has 
begun you should begin at once to feed your bees. Give each hive weekly half 
a pound of sugar made into good syrup. At first let the syrup be slightly 
waimed in or.ler to tempt the bees to take it. By-and-by they will require more 
then half a pound per hive weekly. 
83 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— JANUARY 24TTI. 
Market very quiet, with short supplies generally. Vegetables only plentiful. 
FRUIT. 
8. d. 
8. d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
Apples. 
i sieve 
2 
0 to 7 0 
Grapes . 
2 
0 to 5 
0 
„ .per barrel 20 
0 
40 0 
Lemons. 
10 
0 
20 
0 
Apricots. 
doz. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Melons. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Cherries. 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Nectarines.. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Chestnuts. 
bushel 10 
0 
12 o 
100 
G 
o 
10 
C urrants, Black.. 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Peaches .... 
0 
0 
6 
0 
„ Red.... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Pears,kitchen .. dozen 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Fins . 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 0 
dessert ... 
i 
0 
2 
0 
Filberts . 
tt>. 
0 
0 
0 0 
Pine Apples, 
English tb. 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Cobs. 
loom. 50 
0 
55 0 
Raspberries . 
. \h . 
0 
0 
0 
o 
Gooseberries .... 
4 sieve 
0 
0 
0 0 
Strawberries 
lb. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8 
d. 
s. d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Artichokes . 
dozen 
2 
0to4 0 
Lettuces .... 
l 
Otol 
6 
Asparagus . 
bundle 
0 
0 
0 0 
Mushrooms 
l 
0 
i 
6 
Beans,Kidney ... 
100 
i 
0 
0 0 
Mustard & Cress .. punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Beet,Red . 
dozen 
i 
0 
2 0 
Onions . 
2 
3 
2 
6 
Broccoli . 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 3 
Parsley . 
doz. bunchf s 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Brussels Sprouts. 
i sieve 
1 
6 
2 0 
Parsnips .... 
i 
0 
2 
0 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Capsicums . 
100 
i 
6 
2 0 
Potatoes .... 
6 
0 
7 
0 
Carrots . 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 0 
Kidney.... 
6 
0 
8 
0 
Cauliflowers . 
dozen 
2 
0 
S 0 
Radishes. ... 
doz. bunches 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery . 
bundle 
l 
6 
2 0 
Rhubarb_ 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Coleworts_doz. 
bunches 
5 
0 
4 0 
Salsafy. 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers . 
. each 
i 
6 
2 0 
Scorzonera 
1 
« 
0 
8 
Kndive . 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Fennel . 
bunch 
0 
3 
0 0 
Shallots .... 
. tb. 
3 
0 
0 
Garlic . 
lb. 
0 
6 
0 0 
Spinach .... 
3 
0 
0 
0 
Herbs . 
. bunch 
0 
2 
0 0 
Tomatoes .. 
0 
8 
1 
0 
Leeks. 
. bum h 
0 
3 
0 4 
Turnips .... 
0 
2 
0 
3 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
GOAT FARMING. 
( C'out hived from page 63.) 
Having given details of the various species of Goats of foreign 
origin, as well as those which have been for many years common 
and acclimatised in the British Isles, we shall endeavour to lay 
before our readers a mode of proceeding which will be likely 
by judicious selection of animals for crossing to obtain what we 
require—viz., milk, meat, and mohair from the same type. If 
we refer to the capacity of the different breeds as we have given 
them, we shall find that no one breed at present existing possesses 
these requirements to the fullest extent. In consequence of this 
we are obliged to resort to crossing, and any person will see at a 
glance by attending the principal Goat exhibitions those stock 
animals which can by judiciously selecting and mating them 
enable us to secure in the future animals of various capacities 
which no one breed at present possess. Although the points have 
been named which we have deemed requisite for animals in the 
interest and profitable management for Goat farming, we shall, 
in order that a distinction may be made by the requirements of 
the amateur or suburban villa-farming objects, treat of these 
requirements separately, and refer first of all to cross-breeding for 
combining in one type of animals all three of the prominent and 
important points, objects, and capacities which will be required 
by Goat-farming companies, or by individuals in the business of 
Goat farming. 
It may take some years to obtain the objects we have in view, 
although it may be commenced by enthusiastic and persevering 
men and regardless of expense ; for it must be remembered that 
in the various breeds of sheep which have now an established type, 
such as the Oxford Down, the Shropshire Down, and the improved 
Hampshire i)jwd, were only obtained by judicious selection and 
mating of the animals; but none of these weie so established as 
for ‘ like to beget like,” except under twenty years of careful 
breeding and selection. Therefore at the outset the breeders of 
Goats of a new type, and possessing such valuable characteristics 
as we have named, must not be too sanguine as to the period 
