May 31,1883.] JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 459 
Cineramas (Mrs. Rolls). —It is quite soon enough for sowing seed, and 
the plants raised now* will grow abundantly large enough for your small green¬ 
house. Those of your neighbours now potted off will be no better than yours 
are if you grow them well. When very early the plants are apt to become root- 
bound in summer, unless repeatedly shifted, and in this case they are often 
grown too large for narrow stages, and the pots are unwieldy. Place rich light 
soil in W'ell-drained pots filled to -within an inch of the rim ; water it well, then 
sow the seed, covering it in the lightest possible manner with very fine soil. 
Place a square of glass over the pot, and on this a piece of thick paper, at the 
same time standing the pot in a saucer of water. A moist shaded position in a 
frame or greenhouse will be suitable, removing the paper immediately the seed 
germinates, then gradually admit air to the plants until the glass can with 
safety be removed. 
Walls at Right Angles (E. 71).—Undoubtedly the walls should be at 
right angles, and you must be unfortunate in your bricklayer if you “ cannot 
trust him ” to set out the work. There is more than one way of doing this, but 
as you want to proceed on geometrical lines you may adopt the method repre¬ 
sented by the figure. The line A b is 2 inches long, and for the purpose in view 
the shoots from them towards the end of that month, each shoot being twisted 
so as to rupture the bark before being pegged in the soil. This answers quite 
as well as tongueing the layers, and is safer, as they are less liable to break off 
when being affixed in position. 
Names of Plants (71 R.). —Pyrus piunatifida. (Cl P., Morpeth).—1, Ra¬ 
nunculus amplexicaulis ; 2, Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. (A. de S.). —The red 
and yellow flower is Siphocampylus bicolor, and the other is Cbaveis hetero- 
phylla. ( F. S. </.).—Celsia arcturus. (A. B. S.). —l,Diplacus glutinosus ; 2, Cel- 
sia arcturus ; 3, cannot be determined without flowers; 4, Kleinia tomentosa; 
5, Tussilago Farfara. (Nemo). —A fragmentary specimen like that you sent 
cannot be named. Your other question will be answered next week. 
COVERT GARDEN MARKET.— May 30th. 
TnERE is no appreciable alteration in the tone of business, and prices remain 
practically the same a3 last week. 
! 
,. ;& 
/ 
w 
FRUIT. 
s. 
d. 
s. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
s. 
d 
Apples. 
0 to 7 
0 
Grapes . 
Ib. 3 
0 to 6 
0 
per barrel 20 
0 
40 
0 
Lemons. 
case 10 
0 
20 
0 
Apricots. 
. doz. 0 
0 
0 
0 
o 
o 
o 
Cherries. 
. i sieve o 
0 
0 
0 
Oranges . 
100 fi 
0 
10 
0 
Chestnuts. 
. bushel 10 
0 
12 
0 
Peaches . 
dozen 18 
0 
21 
0 
Currants.Rlack. 
. 4 sieve 0 
0 
0 
0 
Pears,kitchen .. 
dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
,, Red... 
. 4 sieve 0 
0 
0 
0 
dessert . 
dozen o 
0 
0 
0 
Fiffs. 
. dozen 0 
0 
0 
0 
Pine Apples, English tb. 2 
0 
3 
6 
Filberts. 
lb. o 
0 
0 
0 
Raspberries. 
lb. 0 
0 
0 
0 
Cobs. 
. 100 lb. 0 
0 
0 
0 
Strawberries .... 
lb. 4 
0 
G 
0 
Gooseberries ... 
. i sieve 0 
0 
0 
0 
VEGETABLES. 
8. 
d. 
S. 
d. 
8. 
d. 
8. 
d 
Artichokes. 
dozen 
2 
0 to 4 
0 
Mushrooms . 
punnet 
1 
0 to 1 
6 
Asparagus, English bundle 
3 
0 
6 
0 
Mustard & Cress . 
.punnet 
0 
2 
0 
3 
Asparagus,French bundle 
2 
0 
10 
0 
Onions. 
bushel 
2 
6 
3 
G 
Beans,Kidney... 
100 
2 
0 
0 
0 
Parsley. doz 
bunches 
3 
0 
4 
0 
Beet, Red. 
doz.en 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Parsnips. 
dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Broccoli. 
bundle 
0 
9 
1 
6 
Peas . 
quart 
3 
e 
0 
0 
Cabbage. 
dozen 
0 
6 
1 
0 
Potatoes, New ... 
lb. 
0 
4 
0 10 
Capsicums. 
loo 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Potatoes. 
cwt. 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Carrots . 
bunch 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Kidney. 
cwt. 
6 
0 
10 
0 
Cauliflowers. 
. doz.en 
2 
0 
3 
0 
Radishes_ doz. 
bunches 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Celery. 
bundle 
1 
6 
2 
0 
Rhubarb. 
bundle 
0 
4 
0 
0 
Coleworts_doz. 
bunches 
2 
0 
4 
0 
Salsafy. 
bundle 
1 
0 
0 
0 
Cucumbers. 
. each 
0 
4 
0 
8 
Scorz.onera . 
bundle 
1 
6 
0 
0 
Endive. 
. dozen 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Seakale . 
basket 
1 
0 
2 
0 
Fennel. 
. bunch 
0 
3 
0 
0 
Shallots. 
ft. 
3 
o 
o 
Herbs . 
. bunch 
0 
2 
0 
0 
Spinach . 
bushel 
5 
0 
6 
0 
Leeks. 
0 
3 
O 
4 
tb. 
1 
6 
9 
o 
Lettuces . 
1 
3 
2 
0 
i Turnips. 
bunch 
6 
2 
0 
3 
__ _A 
S 
Fig. 101. 
we will say that it represents 20 feet, or the wall running from south to north 
as above described. Extend the line 1 inch, or 10 feet beyond u, and take that 
length as a radius, and describe an arc touching at points c and d. The width 
from c to d is equal to one side of the figure. Now take three parts, or 15 feet 
of this width, and from points c and d describe the arcs at e, then draw a line 
from B through the intersection at e, and it will give you the direction the north 
wall ought to take to be at right angles with A B. Proceed in the same manner 
to find the course of the other walls, and the square will be completed. 
Wireworms in Gardens (E. Lucas ).—We know of no “easy method ” of 
eradicating this pest. Perhaps Mr. Luckhurst’s experience may be useful to 
you, but you may not regard his plans as “easy.” He has recorded :—“Very 
early in the year a field was placed under my care as a kind of auxiliary kitchen 
garden for the cultivation of Potatoes and other culinary roots. The soil, 
which for many years had been stirred no deeper than about 4 inches by means 
of a light one-horse plough, was found to be in a very poor, almost inert con¬ 
dition. A liberal dressing of rich farmyard manure was carted on to it; it was 
well stirred and thrown up roughly to a depth of fully 9 inches with spade3, 
and in due course about an acre of it was planted with Potatoes. Now, neither 
in digging nor during the planting were many wireworms perceptible, yet, upon 
examination a short time afterwards, there was hardly a tuber without several 
wireworms attacking it— some just commencing operations, others which had 
burrowed so deeply as only to leave a short portion of their wiry* bodies visible, 
while all with unerring instinct were gathering to the richest feast they had 
probably met with during their existence. Such an unpleasant occurrence 
might be regarded either as a serious dilemma or as a capital opportunity of 
clearing the soil of such a pest, and so saving not only the present but future 
crops from its ravages. While taking the latter view, the former one, which 
seemed to point to possible failure, was only felt as a spur to exertion, and a 
couple of men were immediately set to take up the Potatoes one by one with 
trowels, destroying every wireworm that could be found, and replacing the 
Potatoes in the soil as they went along the rows. It was a long and tedious 
job, but it was undoubtedly a thorough one, for it was computed that upwards 
of ten thousand of the enemy were destroyed ; and so the battle was gained, the 
crop proving an excellent one, sound and free from every blemish. The experi¬ 
ence which has thus been gained will prove invaluable in future practice ; and 
whenever land is found to bo infested with wireworms I feel assured that 
Potatoes placed a few inches beneath the surface and about 2 feet apart for a 
week or two, will prove an unfailing bait to lure them to destruction.” If any 
of our readers can inform us of an easier and at the same time effectual mode of 
extirpating wireworms, we will readily publish it. 
Chrysanthemums (J. E. B .).—As the plants as ordinarily grown are 
much too large for your greenhouse, the only course we can suggest is to pro¬ 
pagate later. Cuttings may be struck at any time until the middle of July. 
We have had most useful and attractive little plants from cuttings inserted in 
early August, and also by having large plants growing in a border, and layeiing 
POULTRY AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 
HAY-SAVING BY MACHINERY. 
{Continued from page 440.) 
We must now refer to the hay-drying and cooling machine, 
tried at the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society held at 
Reading, Berks, in July, 1882. These trials took place seven or 
eight weeks after the failure of exhausting fans at Cardiff, not¬ 
withstanding which and the fact of Mr. M. Sutton having offered 
a prize of £100 for the most efficient and economical method of 
drying hay artificially either before or after being stacked, the 
Judges report that although “ the various adaptations of the 
Neilson system exhibited have been tried on meadow hay in the 
stack, and three of the most powerful fans exhibited by Mr. 
Coultas, Messrs. Lister & Co., and Mr. Phillips, the results as 
regards hay can in no case be considered satisfactory, taking into 
consideration all the circumstances under which the hay was put 
together. None of the exhibitors proved that they were able to 
make good hay in wet weather. In a few instances where fairly 
good hay was obtained, equally good if not better hay might have 
been secured without the application of the fans.” We must call 
this display of attempting the drying or cooling of hay by the 
exhausting-of-heat fans as not only a gigantic and serious blunder, 
but as the abortive attempt at Cardiff was before them, it makes 
the case more glaringly damaging to the efforts of all concerned, 
especially when, as is now ascertained, that these trials and the 
