LOWER HELDERBERG ROCKS. 
193 
in these rocks. The form is not unlike S. woolworthana, but it is much more convex, 
the greatest convexity being in the middle, while in that it is near the front. This 
one is not flattened near the umbo as is that species, and it differs moreover in the 
character of the striae. 
Fig. 13. The dorsal valve. Fig. 14. Profile view of the same. 
Geological position and locality. In the Pentamerus limestone of the Lower Hel- 
derberg group : Schoharie. 
Strophomena rugosa*. 
Plate XIX. Fig. 1 a - y. 
Dritte Anomiten art mif breiter schlosskante: Hupsch, Naturgeschichte des Neiderdeutschland, 1781, 
Vol.i, pa. 15, pl.l, f. 7 & 8. 
Anomites rlwmboidalis : Wahlenberg, Acta Soc. S. Upsaliensis, 1821, Vol.viii, pa. 65, n° 7. 
Produda depressa : Sowehby, Genera of Shells; and Min. Conchology, 1825, Vol. v, pa. 86, pi. 459, 
f. 3. 
P. rugosa : IIisinger, Vet. Acad. Ilandlingar, 1826, p. 33. 
Produdus depressus : Defranc, Diet, des Sciences naturelles, 1826, Vol. xlvii, p. 353. 
Leptana rugosa : Dalman, Vet. Acad. Handlingar, 1827, pa. 106, pl.l, f. 1. 
L. depressa : Id. Ib., pa. 107, pi. 1, f. 2. 
Strophomena rugosa : Bronn, Leth. geognostica, 182”), Vol.i, pa. 87, pi. 2, f. 8. 
Produda depressa : Phillips, Geol. Yorkshire, 1846, Vol. ii, pa. 215, pi. 8, f. 18. 
Produdus depressus : Deshayes, Lamarck Animaux sans vertebres, 2d edition, Vol. viii, p. 380. 
Lepteena rugosa and L. depressa : Hisinger, Leth. Suecica, 1837, pa. 69, pi. 20, f. 2 & 3. 
Orthis rugosa ; Von Bucn, Ueber Delthyris, 1837, p. 30. 
Leptana : Fischer, Oryct. du Gouvernement du Moscou, 1837, p. 143. 
Leptaena depressa : J. Sowerby, in Murchison Sil. System, 1839, pa. 623 & 636, pi. 12, f. 2. 
L. tenuistriata [ ? ] : Id. Ib., pa. 646, pi. 22, f. 2 a. 
L. rugosa : Id., Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 1840, 2d series, Vol. v, pi. 56, f. 4. 
Orthis rugosa : EicnwALD, Sil. System in Esthland, p. 162. 
* 
Leptana rugosa : Phillips, Pal. Fossils, 1841, pa. 57, pi. 24, f. 95. 
L. depressa : De Koninck, Desc. An. Fossiles de Belgique, 1842, pa. 215, pi. 12, f. 3-6: and 
pi. 13, f. 6. 
— — G. B. Sowerby, Conch. Manual, 1842, pa. 71 & 300, f. 206. 
* Strophomena rhomboidalis: “ Nomme Conchites rhomboidalis, Anomia inequilateri, par C. Wilckens, 
Nachricht von seltener versteinerungen, pag. 79, tab. viii, f. 43, 1769.= Leptcena depressa, Sowerby, 
which is also the Anomitcs rhornboidalis of Wahlenberg, D’Orbigny, &c.”—Note on page 137 of the 
French edition of Davidson’s Introduction to the Study of the Bracliiopoda. 
I leave the name Strophomena rugosa preceding the description of this species; believing this to be the 
typical species of Rafinesque’s Genus Strophomena, and as such it has always been recognized by 
American paleontologists, though we have no published description or figures for reference. 
Among some shells and fossils purchased by Mr. Poulson of Philadelphia, from Professor Rafinesque’s 
collections, there are specimens of this species, labelled, in the handwriting of the latter, Strophomena 
rugosa; leaving no doubt as to the true intention and application of this name by its author. 
