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well-known botanists, such as Ray (1628-1705), 
Tournefort, and others ; then came the great 
Swede, Linnaeus (1707-1778), who founded 
a system which for many years was the one in 
use. But after a time this was further im¬ 
proved upon by Jussieu (born at Lyons in 
1748), and then by de Candolle (born at 
Geneva in 1 778), and introduced into England 
and settled into “ natural classification,” as it 
is now used, by Bentham, Hooker, Darwin, 
and other great botanists. 
All the organs or parts of a plant deserve 
careful study. There are two classes of these 
organs : those which are called “reproductive,” 
or all the parts which make up the flower and 
form the seed or fruit ; and those which are 
called “ nutritive,” or the root, stem, and leaves, 
by which the plant lives and gets nourishment. 
These organs are very varied in form, and the 
plants which have one or more of them alike 
are grouped together. To learn all the long 
names by which these classes are distinguished, 
it is necessary to study a book on botany, but 
even without making a special study children 
would do well to try and notice the structure 
of the plants they cultivate. 
First notice the roots ; some have what is 
called a tap-root, a long straight root with fine 
fibres like hairs branching off from it, and 
