VI 
WINTER 
187 
selves, and find each organ in turn, till you 
get accustomed to them. Take a scarlet 
garden geranium (called botanically a Pelargon¬ 
ium). Under the scarlet part there are some 
small green leaves called “sepals” ; these form 
the “ calyx ” ; in this case there are five. The 
scarlet part is called the “corolla,” and is 
divided into what are called “petals,” each of 
which can be pulled off separately! Having 
pulled off the petals, the stamens, five in 
number, are seen, grouped round the pistil. 
At the end of each stamen is a small lump ; this 
is called the “anther.” Through a magnifying 
glass it is clear that the anther is a little two- 
celled case, which contains the dust called 
“pollen”; these anthers burst open and let 
the “pollen’’fall out. The pollen has to fall 
on the “ stigma,” as the end of the pistil is 
called, to cause the seed to develop. In a 
geranium the stigma has five curling ends ; in 
other cases, either one or more curls or else 
some formation like a thickened lump. Inside 
the pistil there are divisions, which are called 
“ carpels ” ; in the case of the geranium there 
are five of them, and these carpels contain the 
“ovules,” which form into seeds when the pollen 
has fallen on to the stigma and passed down 
the straight part of the pistil, called the “style.” 
Every perfect flower has all these organs, 
