July 2, 1870.] 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL. 
13 
library, and a good nucleus is now formed, which, your 
Council hope soon to see developed into a good reference 
as well as circulating library,—useful alike to all con¬ 
nected with the Association; and while they acknow¬ 
ledge with thankfulness the donations which have been 
made to it from time to time, your Council would 
earnestly impress upon members the necessity of using 
their utmost endeavours to add to its extent and useful¬ 
ness. 
The librarian announces a tolerably good circulation, 
which, has, however, somewhat diminished during the 
last few months. The Council are anxious that the As¬ 
sociates should avail themselves of the advantages of the 
library, which is even now capable of supplying them 
with suitable books in the various branches of science to 
which their attention must be called. 
A petition was presented to the Council, signed by 
most of the Associates, praying that they might unite to 
form a section for their own instruction; your Council 
had great pleasure in complying with their request, re¬ 
serving to themselves the right to direct their studies, 
and suggesting that a Secretary to the section should be 
appointed to confer with the Council in the interests of 
the Associates. 
Mr. Overton was appointed Secretary, and your Council 
engaged a room in the house of the Constitutional Asso¬ 
ciation, for the purposes of the section, and engaged Mr. 
Hughes as teacher. The section meetings have been 
held weekly, on Monday evenings, and a good attendance 
has been the result,—Pharmaceutical Chemistry and 
Materia Medica being the subjects appointed for study; 
at the completion of the course, two prizes were offered 
by the Council for competition, and awarded respectively 
to Mr. Bathamley and Mr. Johnston. Messrs. Parker 
and Smith kindly offered two prizes for competition 
amongst the younger students, which were obtained by 
Mr. Evan Jenkins and Mr. Ward. As an inducement 
to the Associates to prosecute their studies, your Council 
throw this course open, free of charge. Your Council 
made arrangements with the lecturer on chemistry at 
the Mechanics’ Institution, ; in*connection with the Science 
and Art Department, for the admission of Associates to 
this class at half the usual fees. 
Your Council also provided a Latin Class, which has 
been in operation for nine months with satisfactory re¬ 
sults. At the end of the first course a prize was pre¬ 
sented by your Council to Mr. Johnston as being the 
most advanced Student, and your President presented a 
second prize to Mr. Copley, who passed the best exami¬ 
nation amongst the Junior Associates. Arrangements 
have been made for a course of lessons on botany, which 
commenced in April, and will be continued weekly 
during the summer months. Your Council have to ac¬ 
knowledge with gratitude the kindness of Mr. Bumie in 
offering to conduct this class entirely free of charge ; 
and also the kindness of Dr. Mills for his assistance by 
demonstrating to the students the wonders of structural 
botany by aid of the microscope. These meetings are 
held at the room of the Society in Friar Lane, every 
Monday evening, commencing at nine o’clock. 
As the attendance has been hitherto rather limited, 
your Council would earnestly request the Associates to 
make every endeavour to attend this class, and the em¬ 
ployers also to use their influence with those who are un¬ 
willing, and to extend their permission to those who are 
willing to study so important a branch of their business. 
In conclusion, your Council hope that their work, as 
embodied in this report, will give satisfaction to the 
members and show the great use of such societies as this, 
and, in resigning their trust, would like to add a few 
words on the practical working of the Society. 
In the first place, at the Monthly Meetings every ex¬ 
ertion has been made to provide subjects for discussion 
which would be a means of mutual instruction. 
Your Council regret that the attendance of members 
has been very poor ; they would respectfully urge upon 
all the difficulty of sustaining societies like this without 
the presence and aid of the members. 
A cordial spirit of co-operation is the one thing want¬ 
ing to assure the success of this Association, and to en¬ 
able the Council to carry on those works so auspiciously 
begun, which have already produced great results, and 
by which much greater are yet to be anticipated. The 
educational advantages have in no way been better ex¬ 
emplified than in the many admirable answers given by 
the Students in reply to the examination questions, and 
your Council hope that every Associate will endeavour, 
during the ensuing Session, to make a point of attend¬ 
ing the various classes provided for him, as far as the 
exigencies of business will allow. Your Council, though 
thankful for what they have been enabled to do, feel that 
the usefulness of the Society would be much enhanced 
by a “local habitation” of its own, and would suggest 
to their successors in office, the desirability of taking a 
room or rooms in a central position, which might be de¬ 
voted to all purposes of the Society,—as reading-room, 
library, class and general meeting room, where the pro¬ 
perty of the Society might be preserved, and the nucleus 
of a museum collected. The purchase of a good working 
microscope would be beneficial, and various other instru¬ 
ments and apparatus not frequently used, but often use¬ 
ful. Your Council believe that this would be a means of 
giving a practical value to the Society, and would tend 
to promote a greater personal interest and a greater per¬ 
sonal attendance. 
The Treasurer’s report was afterwards read, showing 
the state of the Society’s funds to be as follows: — 
Session 1869-70. Receipts ... 44 9 0 
„ „ Expenditure . . 30 1 1 
Balance in Treasurer’s hands . £14 7 11 
It was afterwards proposed and carried that the re¬ 
ports be printed and circulated amongst the Members 
and Associates of the Society, and all chemists resident 
in the town and country. 
After passing an alteration of the bye-laws with re¬ 
spect to the Annual Meeting, a cordial vote of thanks 
was accorded to the President, Mr. Atherton, for his ser¬ 
vices during the past Session. 
The following officers were then appointed for the en¬ 
suing year:— 
President: J. H. Atherton, F.C.S. 
Vice-President: R. Fitzhugh, F.C.S. 
Treasurer: J. Rayner. 
Honorary Secretary : J. T. Mayfield. 
Council: Messrs. Bailey, Jas. Jenkins, W. H. Parker, 
W. Smith, White, Whitworth, Waterall, and Woodward. 
CHEMICAL SOCIETY. 
The last of the Scientific Meetings of this Society for 
the session which has just ended was held at Burlington 
House on Thursday, the 16th of June; Professor Wil¬ 
liamson, F.R.S., President, in the chair. 
A paper was read by Mr. James Bell “ On Fermenta¬ 
tion,” in which the author described a number of experi¬ 
ments which had been made for the purpose of deter¬ 
mining what forms of ferment may be obtained by 
submitting albumen derived from different sources to a 
variety of conditions. 
When egg albumen was mixed with cane sugar, and 
the mixture allowed to ferment at 75° F., a species .of 
yeast was formed, consisting of fungoid cells, which dif¬ 
fered from those of ordinary yeast, and by which only a 
very small quantity, 0 - 2 per cent., of alcohol was pro¬ 
duced. 
The albumen of flour and of malt, used in the same 
way, yielded results similar to those previously described, 
