76 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[July 23, 1870. 
enabling the workman to master his trade, and to work 
from principle rather than from rule of thumb. 
Although these suggestions are not intended for those 
whose profession renders real scientific training indispen¬ 
sable, yet the book will be read with interest by many, 
as containing the views of one of the prime movers for 
technical education, and the spread of a knowledge of 
the principles of domestic economy. 
The Cultivation of the Chinchonas or Peruvian 
Bark-Trees in Java. By K. W. Van Gorkom, 
Superintendent of the Plantations (with Notes by C. 
Hasskarl). Translated from the German. London: 
Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1870. Pp. 62. 
The high value always placed on the curative proper¬ 
ties of the quinine barks, has made the medical world 
anxious to secure continuous supplies, and the fears ex¬ 
cited by the testimony of Weddell, Delondre, and other 
travellers of the reckless destruction of these trees by the 
Cascarilleros, or bark-gatherers, have directed attention 
to the desirability of cultivating them, so as not to be de¬ 
pendent on native sources, which may one day fail. The 
Dutch Government, through the representations of 
Reinwardt, De Vriese, Blume, Mulder, and others, gave 
their attention very early to this subject. Dr. De Vriese, 
who took a warm interest in Economic Botany, fortu¬ 
nately obtained, in 1851, a plant of Cinchona Calisaya , in 
Paris, which he dispatched to Java. This plant had 
been raised from seed collected in South America by Dr. 
Weddell, and became, in Java, the stock of a numerous 
offspring. 
In the same year, also, Mr. Pahud, the Minister of 
State for Holland, dispatched Dr. Hasskarl to South 
America, to collect live plants and seeds of valuable 
species. Dr. Hasskarl landed at Callao, in Peru, in De¬ 
cember, 1852, and, after an arduous journey and much 
opposition, obtained plants and seeds of some Cinchona , 
chiefly of C. Pahudiana, Howard, at first mistaken for 
C. ovata , Weddell. 
He arrived in Java with his collection in December, 
1854, and together with Dr. Teijsmann, the Director of 
the Buitenzorg Gardens, began the cultivation. Unfor¬ 
tunately, the site chosen for this operation was one 
having only about 6 inches of soil, and when, in 1856, a 
scientific staff was appointed, the plantation was not 
in a very successful state. The new director, Dr. 
Junghuhn, had associated with him Dr. J. E. de Vrij, 
a chemist well known for his abilities, and eight over¬ 
seers. Only seventy plants were found of any value, 
and the plantation was removed to a more favourable 
situation, and while under Dr. Junghuhn’s management, 
much better results were obtained. 
Mr. Van Gorkom, the present Superintendent, reports 
that there are now under cultivation in Java, 840,653 
plants of Cinchona Calisaya , 39,512 of C. succirubra , 
159,149 of C. Condaminea , 812 of C. lancifolia , and 409 
C. micrantha. Of C. Pahudiana nonumber is given; the 
last estimated number was 900,000, but its cultivation is 
not now particularly attended to, as it is generally agreed 
to be of little value. 
Though the past history and present position of Cin¬ 
chona cultivation in Java is not all that one could de- 
sire, yet it must be remembered that the cultivation of 
the Cinchona is fraught with manifold and various diffi¬ 
culties, and requires an almost delicate adjustment of 
light and shade, heat and elevation. Mr. Van Gorkom 
is very sanguine of the future success of the undertaking. 
He says that courage should be derived “ from the cer¬ 
tainty that we are on the right path, and indulge in the 
wcll-lounded hope that the persevering efforts of succes¬ 
sive Governments—efforts which have aroused a sympa¬ 
thetic feeling in the educated world in general, and 
amongst scientific men in particular—will end in glorious 
success.” And in this hope we most heartily join in 
with them. 
Essais de Culture du Quinquina a la Martinique. 
Par M. Ch. Belanger, Directeur du JardinBotanique 
de la Martinique. Paris: 1870. Pp. 7. 
In 1862, M. Belanger, having obtained some cinchona 
plants, began their cultivation, in order to test whether 
they could be successfully acclimatized in that colony. 
He finds that, though he has not been able to command 
all the elements of success desirable, yet he has experi¬ 
mented sufficiently to convince himself of the success of 
the scheme, if the French Government would undertake 
it. At present there are growing in Martinique plants 
of C. Calisaya, G. lancifolia , C. officinalis, C. succirubra, 
and C. Pahudiana ,—altogether 90 in number, and ranging 
from half a metro to 3£ metres in height. Bark of three 
years’ growth has been submitted to analysis, and said 
to yield very fair results. 
The Manual of Colours and Dye Wares. By J. 
W. Slater. London: Lockwood and Co., 7, Sta¬ 
tioners’ Hall Court. 1870. 
This book is the work of an accomplished chemist, for 
many years practically engaged in the special branch of 
industry to which it relates. It is calculated to supply 
a gap, the existence of which forces itself upon the at¬ 
tention of all men who take a rational interest in the 
manufactures of this country. A passage in the preface 
to the book before us places, in a clear light, the state of 
affairs in this department of literature. 
“ If their authors be mere litterateurs , or even men of 
abstract science, they cannot furnish all the required 
particulars. If they are practical men, they will not.” 
The book before us contains much information that 
is not easily accessible. The arrangement followed is 
alphabetical, and the descriptions are admirably clear. 
Under “ Hydrometer ” will be found some valuable in¬ 
formation concerning the irregular scales in vogue. 
BOOKS RECEIVED. 
Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical As¬ 
sociation, Sixteenth Annual Meeting at Chicago. Phila¬ 
delphia : Merrihew and Son. 1870. 
Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 
No. XCVIII. Dublin: Fannin and Co. 
Second Report of the Royal Commissioners on Pol¬ 
lution of Rivers. London : Her Majesty’s Stationery 
Office. 1870. 
"Water Analysis: a Practical Treatise on the Examina¬ 
tion of Potable Water. By J. Alfred Wanklyn, M.R.C.S., 
and E. T. Chapman. Second Edition. London: Triibncr 
and Co., 60, Paternoster Row. 1870. 
Jahresbericht uber die Fortschritte der Pharma- 
cognosie, Pharmacie und Toxicologie. By Wig- 
gers and Husemann. 1869. Gottingen: Through 
Williams and Nor gate. 
On Diet and Regimen in Sickness and Health. 
By Horace Dobell, M.D. Fourth Edition. Rewritten 
and much Enlarged. London : H. Lewis. 
Report on the Gas Nuisance in New York. By 
C. F. Chandler, Ph.D. New York: Appleton and Co. 
1870. 
Reports on the Water Supply of New York and 
Brooklyn. By C. F. Chandler, Ph.D., and W. B. 
Lewis, M.D. 
Le Livre des Parfums. Par Eugene Rimmel; Pre¬ 
face d’AupnoNSE Karr. Illustrations d’A. De Neu- 
ville, Duhousset, Cheret, etc. Paris: E. Dentu; 
London: Chapman and Hall. 1870. 
