118 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[August 6, 1870. 
ptictos. 
Le Livre des Parfums. Par Eugene Rimmel ; Pre¬ 
face d’ALrH. Karr. Illustrations d’A. de Neuville, 
Duhousset, Cheret, etc. Paris: E. Dentu; Lon¬ 
don : Chapman and Hall. 
To the lovers of perfumes this elegant volume will he 
a source of considerable interest and entertainment. 
Unlike most works on the subject, it does not consist of 
a mere dry collection of recipes: it is a history of the 
use of perfumes in all ages, and among various nations. 
Commencing with the Egyptians, the Jews and other 
Asiatic people, he describes the customs prevailing 
among them in regard to perfumes, passing then to the 
ancient Greeks, Romans, and Orientals, the savages of 
Africa, America, Australia, etc., the ancient Gauls and 
Germanic tribes, then, lastly, describing the development 
of the perfumer’s art in more modern times. The re¬ 
maining chapters are devoted to modem perfumery, and 
to an account of the materials used by the perfumer, in 
which there is an excellent statement of their nature, 
sources and modes of preparation. To give some idea 
of the immense extent of the trade in perfumes, we 
quote the following table, showing the quantities ex¬ 
ported from France and the rate of increase during the 
present century. 
Year. 
Quantity, 
Kilogr. 
Value, 
Francs. 
1827 . . 
; 751,000 . 
. . 5,401,100 
1837 . . 
. 886,000 . 
. . 6,401,600 
1847 . . 
. 1,275,600 . 
. . 8,928,900 
1857 . . 
. 2,706,700 . 
. . 13,533,100 
1867 . . 
. 2,626,600 . 
. . 15,759,600 
The volume is beautifully illustrated, with a large 
number of interesting woodcuts and chromotypes. It is 
to be hoped that the author will soon produce an En¬ 
glish edition. 
Water Analysis : a Practical Treatise on the Exami¬ 
nation of Potable Water. By J. Alfred Wanklyn 
and E. T. Chafman. Second Edition. London: 
Triibner and Co., 60, Paternoster Row. 1870. 
This is essentially an exposition of the ammonia- 
method analysis introduced by Wanklyn, Chapman, 
and Smith. The fact that it has now reached a second 
•edition indicates that the method has been accepted by 
chemists. The recent and very interesting work of Dr. 
Angus Smith on the organic matter of the atmosphere, 
and Dr. Ransome’s researches on the breath in health 
and disease, are both calculated to increase the confi¬ 
dence of chemists in the trustworthiness of the results 
given by the ammonia-method, inasmuch as both of 
these observers employed it in the examination of the 
water which had absorbed the impurities existing in 
the different specimens of air with which they were 
experimenting. 
Map of the Geographical Distribution of Medi¬ 
cinal Substances contained in the British Phar- 
macopceia of 1867. By a Lecturer on Materia Medica. 
London: John Churchill and Sons. (One sheet mounted 
on cloth, in wrapper.) 
It is a well-known fact that even amongst those who 
have had the benefit of a good education, the knowledge 
of geography is often very hazy, as every examiner finds 
when he asks a candidate to point out a certain place on 
a map,—answers such as America, Asia, East Indies, 
not being considered by some students too wide of the 
mark, a few degrees of latitude or longitude being to 
them of little consequence. 
The idea of getting up cheap maps with the geogra¬ 
phical distribution of drugs marked on them is a good 
one, and meets with favour from students, but there is one 
great drawback to the map before us, that is in the case 
of substances having two or more geographical sources, 
only indicating one on the map. Thus, if a student looks 
at” Siam, he will find no mention of benzoin being pro¬ 
duced there, but under Sumatra it is mentioned with the 
note “ {and Siam).” Ammoniacum he will not find in the 
Punjaub, but in Persia it is entered for both countries. 
Though this map is not so full or so instructive as Mr. 
Barber’s Medico-Botanical Map, yet it will prove useful 
to students who do not require a knowledge of drugs 
beyond those contained in the Pharmacopoeia. 
©bitoarg. 
ALBRECHT YON GRAEFE. 
By the death of Albrecht von Graefe, medicine sus¬ 
tains one of the heaviest among her numerous losses 
this year. He was born at Berlin in 182-5, the son 
of an eminent surgeon, who was himself an oculist of 
merit. On the conclusion of an unusually brilliant aca¬ 
demic career, he accompanied Professor Bonders, the 
great ophthalmic physician of Holland, on a visit to 
England in 1851, and having derived what benefit he 
could from observation of British practice, he returned 
to Berlin, where he shortly afterwards opened the Oph¬ 
thalmic Hospital, now celebrated all the world over. 
In 1853 he founded, along with Arlt and Donders, the 
‘ Archiv fur Ophthalmologie,’ and continued till his 
death the most frequent and most valuable contributor 
to its pages. But a few years elapsed when he gave to 
the world his great discovery that glaucoma, or disor¬ 
ganization of the eyeball, could be arrested by iridec¬ 
tomy. “ There can hardly be,” says the ‘ Lancet,’ 
“either in Europe or America, a community of 10,000 
people which does not contain at least one individual 
who is in the enjoyment of vision that has been pre¬ 
served by iridectomy, and who, if Yon Graefe had not 
lived, would now be unable to see the sun.” To oph¬ 
thalmic medicine this was but the most remarkable of his 
many contributions, which, originally announced in his 
own ‘ Archiv’ and other medical journals, won their way 
into all scientific centres in Europe and America by the 
attractiveness of a style unexcelled for lucidity and force. 
Yon Graefe owed much of his success as a practitioner 
to a combined suavity and firmness of manner, which 
made him at once the physician and the friend of his pa¬ 
tients. Probably no special practitioner of his time ever 
won more gratitude from a wider clientele; certainly 
none with the exception of Simpson (whose discovery of 
chloroform made iridectomy possible) has been followed 
with profounder regret to so untimely a grave. 
July 27, after an illness of three months, Mr. Henry 
Sharp, of Christchurch, Hants, aged 45. He was one of 
the founders of the Pharmaceutical Society, and Local 
Secretary for the district. 
Hybridization, of Cinchonse. —At the March 
meeting of the Linnean Society an interesting paper, by 
Mr. Broughton, chemist to the Madras Government, 
was communicated by Mr. Howard. Mr. Broughton 
stated that in the Madras gardens young plants were 
growing which appeared to be hybrids been C. succirubra 
and C. officinalis. In Java also something similar has 
occurred between C. Calisaya and C. Pahudiana (= C. 
Hasskarliana, nov. sp. Miq.). In a letter, Dr. de Vrij 
says:—“ The Calisaya of Java contains, besides quinine 
and cinchonine, very often quinidine. The C. Pahu- 
cliana contains, besides quinine and cinchonine, almost 
always cinchonidine. In the hybrid of these two I 
found no quinidine, but cinchonidine and quinine. As 
the total amount of alkaloids was small, I was unable to 
ascertain the presence of cinchonine.” (The Hague, 1870.) 
This discovery will doubtless prove of great importance, 
for by this means the more delicate, but valuable, alka¬ 
loid species can be crossed with those that are more hardy 
but less valuable, and thus valuable and hardy plants 
will be obtained. 
