448 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. [December 3,1870. 
nfewral tawsartimts. 
BRISTOL PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION. 
The first meeting- of this Society for the Session 1870-71 
was held at the Philosophical Institution, on Friday, 
Nor. 11. The Hon. Secretary (Mr. Schacht), having 
read the minutes of the last meeting, announced the ar¬ 
rangements the Council had made for the ensuing session. 
These were— 
“Organic Chemistry,” a course of thirty lectures hy 
Mr. Coomber, F.C.S. 
“ Inorganic Chemistry,” a course of thirty lectures hy 
Mr. Coomber, F.C.S. 
“Vegetable Physiology and Economic Botany,” a 
course of thirty lectures hy Mr. Leipner. 
“Systematic Botany,” a course of thirty lectures hy 
Mr. Leipner. 
In addition to these regular courses of scientific in¬ 
struction, there would he monthly meetings in that 
theatre, open to members and associates, at which sub¬ 
jects of professional interest would he presented. The 
following was the list as at present arranged :— 
Friday, Nov. 11, a lecture hy Mr. W. W. Stoddart, 
F.G.S., on “The Chemistry of the Sugars.” 
Friday, Dec. 16, a lecture hy Mr. Thomas Coomber, 
F.C.S. 
Friday, Jan. 13, a lecture hy Mr. Adolph Leipner. 
Friday, Feb. 10, Pharmaceutical Papers and Discus¬ 
sions. 
Friday, March 10, a lecture hy Mr. W. Lant Carpenter, 
B.Sc. 
Friday, April 14, a lecture hy Mr. W. A. Tilden, B.Sc. 
Friday, May 12, Pharmaceutical Papers and Discus¬ 
sions. 
Mr. Stoddart, the President of the Association, in¬ 
stead of the usual inaugural address, then delivered a lec¬ 
ture on “ The Chemistry of the Sugars,” explaining their 
natural history, manufacture, and analytical reactions. 
The latter were more particularly explained when Phar¬ 
maceutical preparations were alluded to, as will he seen 
from the following head-notes :— 
The Saccharine Group. —Cane sugar ; grape sugar ; 
fruit sugar; office in plant life; office in food ; Liebig’s 
theory doubted; distinction between sugar, starch, and 
gum. 
Cane Sugar. —(Sucrose C 12 H 22 O n ), in what found, 
manufacture, statistics, preparation on the small scale ; 
sucrates (Liq. Calc. Sacch.), crystalline form (sugar 
candy), properties, decomposition, by heat (barley sugar), 
(Sacch. Ust.), by chemical agents, by alkalies, by acids 
(Syr. Limon.), (fruit tarts). 
Grape Sugar. — (Dextro-glucose C f> H J2 O e ), where 
found, manufacture, statistics, American method (bread), 
glucosides, from cellulose ( Cetraria islandica ), false honey, 
false manna, properties, fermentation (beer, alcohol), de¬ 
composition, by heat (glucose caramel), by chemical 
agents (Bottger’s test, Trommer’s test, Mel AEruginis), 
hy acids (cod-liver oil), hy alkalies (Mulder’s test). 
Fruit Sugar. — (Lsevo-glucose C 6 H 12 0 6 ). Where 
foimd, properties (treacle). 
> Analysis. —Centigrade testing (Lowe’s test), fermenta¬ 
tion process, specific gravity (Syr. Simplex), polarizing 
saccharimeter, impurities. 
The whole was illustrated hy copious experiments and 
apparatus. Two polarizing saccharimeters were shown 
and explained. One of the well-known Soleil model, 
and the other of more recent construction hy Hoffmann, 
of Paris. Among the specimens of cane-sugar was a 
splendid crystal, nearly two inches long, with the faces 
and angles perfectly formed,—in fact a saccharine Koh- 
i-noor. Among the statistics given was one that sounded 
somewhat startling, namely, that each Englishman con¬ 
sumed more than a quarter of a hundredweight of sugar 
per annum. The experiment showing the fermentation 
process was especially interesting. The sugar was seen 
fermenting, and the carbonic acid was collected. The car¬ 
bon was then separated from the gas as a black powder. 
Just as we are going to press, we have received reports; 
of meetings of the Glasgow Chemists and Druggists” 
Association (Nov. 14) and the Liverpool Chemists’ Asso¬ 
ciation (Nov. 24). 
BRITISH PHARMACEUTICAL CONFERENCE. 
Meeting at Liverpool. 
Wednesday , September 14 th. 
{Continued from page 436.) 
Pharmaceutical Exhibition, held at Liverpool,. 
September, 1870, in connection with the Meeting. 
of the British Pharmaceutical Conference. 
Agnew, J., Liverpool. 
Cod-liver oil jelly. 
Attfield, Professor. 
Weights and measures. Comments on the metric de¬ 
cimal system. Model illustrating the cubic contents 
of a litre. 
Photographs of prominent Members of the Pharma¬ 
ceutical Conference. 
Austin and Co., Liverpool. 
Cardboard, wood and ornamental paper boxes for che¬ 
mists’ use. Glass feeding-bottles. 
Baildon, H. C., Edinburgh. 
India-rubber poison capsules. Saccharo-chirettine— 
active principle preserved by sugar, by D. S. Kemp 
and Co., Bombay and Poona. 
Balmer, J., London. 
Specimens of the sulpho-carbolates of the metals, 
alkalies and alkaline earths. 
The new belladonna plaster. See Pharm. Journ., 
May, 1870. 
Barber, George, Liverpool. 
Pharmaceutical labels for bottles, drawers, museums 
or cabinets of materia rnodica. Each label contains 
an abridgment of the information found in the Phar¬ 
macopoeia. In this way the labour of reference is 
avoided. 
The medico-botanical map of the world and pocket 
companion to the Pharmacopoeia. 
Beatson and Co., Rotherham Glass WorJcs. 
Poison bottles. 
Blandy, H. Blandy’s patent wash-bottle for nitrous 
oxide gas. 
Bostock, W., Ashton-under-Lyne. 
Genuine medicated lozenges. 
British Seaweed Company, Limited, The, A fine col¬ 
lection of products from seaweeds, obtained by Stan¬ 
ford’s process, numbering about fifty specimens; 
the series includes three varieties of Laminaria and 
three varieties of Fueus , which are generally used 
for this purpose. The charcoals from these are all 
shown, and the residues after lixiviation. The crude 
potash and soda-salts thus obtained, with crude 
iodine and bromine, follow in a series. Resublimed 
iodine, in fine crystals, and a collection of pure 
potash salts, manufactured by this Company, are also, 
exhibited. The pure chloride forms the basis of 
these; sulphate, carbonate and bicarbonate, iodide 
and bromide are specially well-represented salts of 
which the Company are large makers. This ad¬ 
mirable collection has been presented to the Museum; 
of the Pharmaceutical Society, by Edward C. C. 
Stanford, Esq., who has promised further to add to 
it, and to exhibit results of his latest researches on 
seaweed. 
A stuffed specimen of the Fulmarus glacialis , or Fulmar 
Fetrel of St. Kilda, and a specimen of the oil vomited. 
