992 
THE PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL AND TRANSACTIONS. 
[June 10,1871. 
loose fibres, by passing over a spiral knife, dusted, and 
then beamed on a roller free from all creases. It is then 
ready for printing. 
The colours of printed goods may be divided into three 
classes, viz. 1. Pigment Colours; 2. Steam Colours; 
3. Mordanted Colours. 
Pigment Colours are those which require no treatment 
subsequent to printing to develope them, and which re¬ 
main in great measure unchanged in colour by printing, 
and where the operation consists simply in fixing them 
in or on the cloth. They are of two kinds—1st, soluble 
pigments, which can be introduced into the interior of 
the fibres, such as the aniline colours; 2nd, insoluble 
pigments, which can only be fastened on the exterior, as 
idtramarine, chrome green, ochres, lakes, etc. 
6'team Colours are those in which chemical and colour¬ 
ing matters are so mixed that, when printed, they enter 
the fibre in solution; but, on being submitted to the 
action of steam, chemical combination takes place, so as 
to produce an insoluble colour in the fibre. 
Mordanted Colours are those where a metallic salt or 
other fixing agent is printed on the cloth, which, when 
subsequently immersed in a bath containing the colour¬ 
ing matter in solution, becomes dyed, the mordant form¬ 
ing with the colour an insoluble lake or coloured com¬ 
pound, as garancine and madder work. 
In describing the operation of printing, it is necessary 
to describe the apparatus employed; secondly, the pre¬ 
paration of the colours, and the mode of procedure. 
The printing machine consists of a massive iron roller, 
accurately turned, supported at each end by a strong- 
iron support or cheek furnished with arms, through each 
of which works a screw; at the ends of the screws are 
the rests in which the ends of the copper rollers are 
placed, and by these screws the rollers can be tightly 
screwed up against the iron cylinder. There is also an 
arrangement of screws to fix the rollers more or less 
aside, so as to enable the printer to fit the pattern that is 
to make the engravings on the various rollers exactly 
coincide. Above the central roller of the machine is a 
light iron roller, and around these two rollers passes an 
endless blanket of india-rubber. The cloth to be printed 
is fastened behind the machine on two light projecting 
arms. The rollers having been properly fastened in 
the machine, a colour trough of wood or copper is 
fastened beneath each copper roller; in each trough is 
a light wooden roller, sometimes a brush, brought nearly 
in contact with the copper roller; this is to transfer the 
supply of colour from the trough to the copper roller. 
Into each trough is then placed the colour to be printed 
on the cloth by that part of the pattern engraved on the 
corresponding copper roller. When the machine is set 
in motion, the cloth is passed between the copper rollers 
and the iron cylinder of the machine, and in its passage 
it gets the coloured pattern impressed upon it. Each 
copper roller is furnished with two knives, one resting 
along the top, the other along its base ; the one is to re¬ 
move all colour from the surface of the roller, except 
that in the engraving, before coming in contact with the 
cloth, the other to take up any loose fibres or down be¬ 
fore the roller gets a second supply of colour. Simulta¬ 
neously with the passage of the white cloth through the 
machine, two plies of grey cloth are passed through the 
machine with it, and between the endless blanket of fhe 
machine and the white cloth ; this is to serve as a blotter 
and to absorb any excess of colour printed on, and so pre- 
\ ent any spreading ot the colours beyond the limits of 
the pattern. 
(To be continued.) 
FERRATED ELIXIR OF CINCHONA. 
1IY PROFESSOR MAISCH. 
At my request, Mr. William M‘Intyre, of Philadelphia, 
has furnished me with the following formula for elixir of 
calisaya with pyrophosphate of iron, in which calisaya 
hark is employed:—• 
Take of Calisaya ^iv 
Sweet Orange Peel, recently dried 5'ui 
Coriander 5vi 
Ceylon Cinnamon 5iv 
Cardamom 
Anise, ana 31J. 
Prepare these for percolation, and displace with a 
mixture of one quart stronger alcohol and three quarts • 
of water. 
To this tincture add—- 
Oil of Orange (fresh) 40 in. 
Lemon (fresh) 16 in. 
Almonds (fresh, essential) 4 m, dissolved 
in Alcohol, four fl. drs. 
Agitate this mixture with moist freshly precipitated 
hydrated sesquioxide of iron (well washed), prepared, 
from an aqueous solution of the sesquicliloride, for three 
or four days, or until a portion filtered off shows no re¬ 
action with the tincture of chloride of iron. Filter, and. 
dissolve in it, without heat, two and a half pounds (av.) • 
sugar. Add 1024 grs. pyrophosphate of iron, previously- 
dissolved in a small portion of water, and make up the 
measure of one gallon, if necessary, by the addition of 
water. If a more reddish colour is wanted, use a few 
grains of soluble citrate of iron. 
The elixir thus prepared will keep well in colour, and 
has a resemblance to the article extensively advertised 
under the same name. 
If the cinchona bark contains 3 per cent, of alkaloids, 
and supposing the bark to be entirely exhausted, one- 
gallon of elixir prepared according to the above formula 
would contain about GO grains of alkaloids, or nearly 
half a grain to the fluid ounce. Cinchona bark, however, 
cannot be completely exhausted by weak alcohol, and 
after the treatment of the resulting tincture with hy¬ 
drated sesquioxide of iron, the natural combination of' 
the cinchona alkaloids is broken up, and nothing of 
medicinal value is retained by the liquid except the 
alkaloids. The aromatics used in most of the formulas, 
I believe, add comparatively little to the medicinal virtues • 
of this preparation, which aims, ostensibly, to unite the 
tonic properties of cinchona and iron. These considera- - 
tions induced me to take advantage of the excellent com¬ 
bination of aromatics with calisaya bark, which was 
suggested by Dr. Squibb, and has met -with great favour 
by the medical corps of the United States army. Accord¬ 
ingly, I have dispensed, for the last five years, a ferrated 
elixir of calisaya made by the following formula, and 
manipulated as follows:— 
1. Triturate magnes. carbon. 5SS first with the follow¬ 
ing- volatile oils:—01. aurantii u\ xx, ol. anisi ut xv, ol. 
coriandri and cinnam. ana ut 10, ol. carvi ut v; then, 
with a mixture of 2 oz. alcohol and 14 oz. water, throw 
upon a filter and wash with water until the filtrate 
measures 3J pints. 
2. Mix tinct. cardam. (simpl.) f^ij, tinct. zingib. and 
calami ana fgi, alcohol Oj, and add syrup, simpl. Oj. 
3. Dissolve unbleached quinia 5iss, with acid. citr. 
5ijss, in alcoh. dilut. fgiv. 
4. Dissolve forri pyrophosph. 5xx, in aq. ferv. f*viij. 
Add solution No. 3 to No. 2; then add No. 4, then. 
No 1, and finally add 1-4 pint simple syrup and 4- pint 
alcohol. The whole measures 8-| pints, and may be 
coloured by caramel to suit; each fluid ounce contains 
about 9i grs. pyrophosphate, f gr. alkaloids, and 1 gr. 
each of ginger, calamus, and cardamom. It has a very 
pleasant, warm, aromatic, but, at the same time, a 
decidedly bitter taste. The unbleached quinia may be 
prepared from the infusion of calisaya bark, made with 
acidulated water, by precipitating with an alkali. I have 
come into possession of a chinoidin containing a large 
percentage of quinia and quinidia, which has been used 
with advantage. 
_ The two formulas published above represent the two • 
views held by our pharmacists, namely, that cinchona 
bark, as such, and the isolated alkaloids alone should be • 
combined with salts of iron.— Amer. Journal of Pharmacy*. 
